Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: current perspectives

Figures & data

Table 1 Reports concerning DBS in obsessive compulsive disorder: targets and effectiveness

Authors	Target	Patients	Design	Stimulation parameters	Follow-up (months)	YBOCS reduction	Responders
Nuttin et al, 1999^Citation3	ALIC	1	Case report Bilateral stimulation	F: 100 Hz, PW: 210 microseconds, AR: 4, 7–5 V	Unknown	Unknown	1
Gabriels et al, 2003^Citation12	ALIC	3	Open label Bilateral stimulation	Unknown	15–31	21–50%	1
Nuttin et al, 2003^Citation13	ALIC	4	Double blinded crossover	F: 100 Hz, PW: 210–450 microseconds, AR 4–10,5 V	21–31	17, 6–57, 8%	2
Anderson and Ahmed, 2003^Citation14	ALIC	1	Case report	F: 100 Hz, PW: 210 microseconds, AR: 2 V	3	81, 10%	1
Abelson et al, 2005^Citation15	ALIC	4	Double blinded crossover, 3 patients: bilateral stimulation, 1 patient: unilateral stimulation	F: 130–150 Hz, PW: 60–216 microseconds, AR: 2, 5–10, 5 V	4–3	29, 80%	1
Greenberg et al, 2010^Citation16	VC/VS	26	Multicenter/double blinded/bilateral stimulation	F: 100–130 Hz, PW: 90–450 microseconds, AR: 2–8 V	3–36	0–62.1%	10
Goodman et al, 2010^Citation17	VC/VS	6	Double blinded crossover	F: 130–135 HZ, 90–210 microseconds, 2.5–8.5 V	12	91.3%	4
Roh et al, 2012^Citation18	VC/VS	4	Open label	F: 90–130 Hz, PW: 90–270 microseconds, AR: 2-5 V	24	45.7–61.1%	4
Tsai et al, 2012^Citation19	VC/VS	4	Bilateral stimulation, open label, pilot study	F: 130 Hz, PW: 210 microseconds, AR: initial 2 V steps to reach 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 V	15–21	0–70.5%	2
Sturm et al, 2003^Citation20	Nucleus accumbens	4	3 patients: unilateral stimulation, 1 patient: bilateral stimulation	F: 130 Hz, PW: 90 microseconds, AR: 2–6, 5 V	24–30	Unknown	3
Huff et al, 2010^Citation21	Nucleus accumbens	10	Double-blind sham-controlled crossover study, unilateral stimulation	F: 120 Hz, PW: 120 microseconds, AR: 4–8 V	12	0–55.5%	1
Denys et al, 2010^Citation22	Nucleus accumbens	16	Double blinded crossover study, bilateral stimulation	F: 130 Hz, PW: 90 microseconds, 5 V	21	46%	9
Franzini et al, 2010^Citation23	Nucleus accumbens	2	Bilateral stimulation, open label study	F: 130 HZ, PW: 90 microseconds, AR: 5 V patient 1, 5, 5 V patient 2	24–27	33.3–44.7%	1
Grant et al, 2011^Citation24	Nucleus accumbens	1	Case report	Unknown	8	68.7%	1
Aouizerate et al, 2004^Citation26	Ventral caudate nucleus	1	Case report	Unknown	27	52%	1
Jimenez-Ponce, 2013^Citation9	Inferior thalamic peduncle	6	Open-label, bilateral stimulation	F: 130 Hz, PW: 450 microseconds, AR: 5 V	36	40–82, 5%	6
Luyten et al, 2016^Citation25	BST et ALIC	24	Double-blinded, randomized crossover study, 8 patients bilateral ALIC stimulation, 10 patients bilateral BNST, 1 bilateral internal capsule, 4 both BNST and ALIC, 1 unilateral BNST.	F: 130 Hz except two ALIC patients 100 Hz, PW: BST: 120–450 μs; ALIC: 240–450 μs AR: BST: 6.6±2.1 V; ALIC: 6.7±2.3 V	171	50% BST/22% ALIC	16
Fontaine et al, 2004^Citation28	Subthalamic nucleus	1	Case report	185 Hz, 60 microseconds, 3, 5 V	12	96, 80%	1
Mallet et al, 2008^Citation29	Subthalamic nucleus	16	Crossover, double-blinded, multicenter study, bilateral stimulation	130 Hz, PW: 60 microseconds, 4 V	3	37, 80%	7
Chabardes et al, 2012^Citation30	Subthalamic nucleus	4	Cases reports	130 Hz, PW: 60 microseconds, AR: increased progressively 0,5 V steps until side effects are obtained	Unknown	34.3–72.4%	1
Tyagi H et al, 2019^Citation38	VC/VS and am subthalamic nucleus (amSTN)	6	Double-blind counterbalanced phases of 12-week amSTN or VC/VS DBS, followed by 12-week open phases when amSTN and VC/VS were stimulated together.	130 Hz, PW: 60 microseconds AR: 4 V for amSTN and 8 V for VC/VS	12	>35% after 36 weeks of follow-up no difference in YBOCS score between VC/VS and amSTN	6
Coenen et al, 2017^Citation45	Medial forebrain bundle	2	Cases reports, tractography assisted	130 Hz, 60 microseconds, patient 1: amplitudes were 3.6 mA (left)and 3.5 mA (right). Patient 2: amplitudes were 2.5 mA (left) and 2.7 (right).	3–12	35–50%	2

Abbreviations: F, frequency; PW, pulse width; AR, amplitude range; Hz, hertz; V, volt; mA, milliampere; ALIC, anterior limb of the internal capsule; VS/VC, ventral striatum/ventral capsule; BST, bed nucleus of the striata terminalis.

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