Aberrant prefrontal–parietal–cerebellar circuits in alcohol dependence

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of alcohol dependents and healthy subjects

Demographics	Alcohol dependents	Healthy subjects	t/χ^2 value	P-value
Mean age, years	48.62±6.81	48.48±7.05	0.076	0.94
Sex (male, female)	29 (20, 9)	29 (18, 11)	0.305a	0.581
Education, years	9.52±2.87	8.48±3.1	1.318	0.193
Years of alcohol consumption	27.93±10.28	N/A	N/A	N/A
SADQ score	20.34±6.89	N/A	N/A	N/A
AUDIT score	23.83±5.55	2.55±0.95	20.353	<0.001
Daily alcohol consumption, mL	239.66±107.22	N/A	N/A	N/A

Notes:

a χ² test; data are mean ± SD.

Abbreviations: AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; N/A, not applicable; SADQ, Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire.

Table 2 The ALFF differences between patients with alcohol dependence and healthy subjects

Brain regions of peak coordinates	R/L	BA	Voxel volume (mm^3)	t-score of peak voxel	MNI coordinates
					X, Y, Z
Supplementary motor area	R	6	4,509	6.2634	51, 0, 51
Inferior parietal lobule	R	40	3,753	3.0616	48, −30, 30
Precuneus	L	7	2,133	−3.2966	−3, −66, 30
Cerebellum posterior lobe	L	N/A	2,376	−4.6716	−24, −81, −36
Cerebellum posterior lobe	R	N/A	4,671	−3.7225	54, −51, −36

Note: The statistical threshold was set at corrected significance level of individual two-tailed voxel-wise P<0.05 using an AlphaSim corrected threshold of cluster P<0.05.

Abbreviations: BA, Brodmann’s area; L, left; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute; N/A, not applicable; R, right.

Figure 1 Altered ALFF areas in patient with alcohol dependence relative to healthy subject.

Notes: Results of one-sample t-test (A, B) and two-sample t-test (C, D). Red color, increased ALFF areas; blue color, decreased ALFF areas.
Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation; L, left; R, right.

Table 3 ROC curve for ALFF differences in brain areas between alcohol dependent and healthy subjects

Brain area	AUC	Sensitivity, %	Specificity, %	Cutoff pointa
R_Supplementary motor area	0.9510	100%	79.2%	−0.3178
R_Inferior parietal lobule	0.9080	87.5%	87.5%	−0.1132
L_Precuneus#	0.7800	75%	70.8%	1.5582
L_Precuneus#	0.7800	70.8%	75%	1.6676
L_Cerebellum posterior lobe	0.7740	62.5%	83.3%	0.1731
R_Cerebellum posterior lobe	0.8870	79.2%	95.8%	−0.0153

Notes:

# The two sets values of L_Precuneus showed the same discriminative abilities.

a Cutoff point of mean ALFF signal value.

Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation; AUC, area under the curve; L, left; R, right; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.

Figure 2 Mean β value of ALFF differences in regional brain areas.

Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation; CPL, cerebellum posterior lobe; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; L, left; PG, precentral gyrus; Prc, precuneus; R, right.

Figure 3 ROC curve analysis of ALFF differences in regional brain areas.

Note: ROC curve of higher (A) and lower (B) ALFF in brain areas.
Abbreviations: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation; L, left; R, right; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.

Figure 4 Pearson correlation among characteristics of alcohol dependent and β value of ALFF differences in brain areas.

Note: Correlation between years of alcohol consumption and left precuneus (A), and among ALFF differences in brain areas (B–F).
Abbreviation: ALFF, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation.