Dissociative states in borderline personality disorder and their relationships to psychotropic medication

Figures & data

Figure 1 Relationships of dissociative symptoms with doses of antipsychotic (EC) (R=0.45; P<0.01) and antidepressant medication (EF) (R=0.36, P<0.01) (measured by chlorpromazine-EC and fluoxetine-EF equivalents) in BPD.

Abbreviations: BPD, borderline personality disorder; DES, Dissociative Experiences Scale; EC, equivalents of chlorpromazine; EF, equivalents of fluoxetine.

Table 1 Comparison of demographic data between BPD and schizophrenia group

	Mean values		Student’s t-test	P-value
	BPD	Schizophrenia
Age	31.5	37.72	−3.074	0.002
Number of hospitalizations	2.4231	4.8056	−3.0418	0.003
Years of psychiatric treatment	7.2308	13.7778	−4.3886	0

Abbreviation: BPD, borderline personality disorder.

Table 2 Symptoms and dissociation in BPD and schizophrenia group

	Mean values		MW-test Z	P-value
	BPD	SZ
HoNOS	14.90	11.11	3.74	0
BEH	2.82	0.67	5.46	0
IMP	1.33	2.00	−2.93	0.004
SYMP	5.35	4.03	2.53	0.011
SOC	4.18	3.81	1.19	0.258
DES	20.35	14.00	2.39	0.016
AB	30.38	21.63	2.11	0.034
AM	11.68	9.18	1.01	0.316
DD	17.09	12.69	1.51	0.132

Notes: AB, absorption and imaginative involvement subscale of DES; AM, amnestic dissociation subscale of DES; BEH, behavior subscale of HoNOS; DD, depersonalization/derealization subscale of DES; IMP, impairment subscale of HoNOS; MW­test Z, Z value of Mann–Whitney U test; SOC, social subscale of HoNOS; SYMP, symptom subscale of HoNOS.

Abbreviations: BPD, borderline personality disorder; DES, Dissociative Experiences Scale; HoNOS, Health of the Nation Outcome Scale; SZ, schizophrenia.

Table 3 Numbers of patients using different types of antipsychotics and antidepressants in BPD and schizophrenia group

	FGA		SGA		TCA		SSRI		OAD
	abs.	rel.	abs.	rel.	abs.	rel.	abs.	rel.	abs.	rel.
BPD	5	0.10	23	0.44	7	0.13	23	0.44	17	0.33
SZ	6	0.17	32	0.86	1	0.03	9	0.25	9	0.25

Notes: abs., absolute number of patients using given type of drug; rel., relative number of patients using given type of drug.

Abbreviations: BPD, borderline personality disorder; FGA, first generation antipsychotics; OAD, other antidepressants; SGA, second generation antipsychotics; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; SZ, schizophrenia; TCA, tricyclic antidepressants.

Table 4 Polypharmacy in BPD and schizophrenia group

	0D		1D		2D		3D		4D		5D
	abs.	rel.	abs.	rel.	abs.	rel.	abs.	rel.	abs.	rel.	abs.	rel.
BPD	8	0.15	11	0.21	14	0.27	10	0.19	5	0.10	4	0.08
SZ	0	0.00	8	0.22	16	0.44	8	0.22	3	0.08	1	0.03

Notes: abs., absolute number of patients using given number of different drugs; rel., relative number of patients using given number of different drugs; 0D, patients using no psychotropic drugs; 1D, patients using one psychotropic drug; 2D, patients using two different psychotropic drugs; 3D, patients using three different psychotropic drugs; 4D, patients using four different psychotropic drugs; 5D, patients using five different psychotropic drugs.

Abbreviations: BPD, borderline personality disorder; SZ, schizophrenia.