Association of HLA alleles with autism

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of ASD patients and healthy controls

Variables	Cases n=103 (%)	Controls n=180 (%)
Gender
Male	82 (79.61)	145 (80.5)
Female	21 (20.39)	35 (19.4)
Age (years)	8.2	9.4
Age at diagnosis (years)	2.7	–

Abbreviation: ASD, autism spectrum disorders.

Table 2 Distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles in ASD patients and healthy controls

HLA-DRB1 alleles	Patients 2n=206 (%)	Healthy controls 2n=360 (%)	Pc values	OR (95% CI)
DRB1*01	22 (10.6)	21 (5.8)	0.049	1.93 (0.99–3.76)
DRB1*03	15 (7.2)	39 (10.8)	NS	0.65 (0.33–1.25)
DRB1*04	31 (15)	49 (13.6)	NS	1.12 (0.67–1.88)
DRB1*07	21 (10.1)	38 (10.6)	NS	0.96 (0.53–1.75)
DRB1*08	4 (1.9)	7 (1.9)	NS	1.00 (0.24–3.85)
DRB1*09	7 (3.3)	6 (1.7)	NS	2.08 (0.62–7.07)
DRB1*10	6 (2.9)	9 (2.5)	NS	1.17 (0.36–3.65)
DRB1*11	40 (19.4)	76 (21.1)	NS	0.90 (0.57–1.41)
DRB1*12	2 (0.97)	4 (1.1)	NS	0.87 (0.11–5.57)
DRB1*13	25 (12.1)	40 (11.1)	NS	1.10 (0.63–1.94)
DRB1*14	10 (4.8)	27 (7.5)	NS	0.63 (0.28–1.39)
DRB1*15	19 (9.2)	38 (10.6)	NS	0.86 (0.46–1.59)
DRB1*16	4 (1.9)	6 (1.7)	NS	1.17 (0.27–4.73)

Notes: OR with 95% CI. Pc values: value of Fisher’s exact test with correction for multiple comparisons.

Abbreviations: ASD, autism spectrum disorders; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; NS, not significant.

Table 3 Distribution of HLA-A alleles in autism patients and healthy controls

HLA-A alleles	Patients 2n=206 (%)	Healthy controls 2n=360 (%)	Pc values	OR (95% CI)
A*01	23 (11.1)	39 (10.8)	NS	1.03 (0.58–1.84)
A*02	34 (16.5)	68 (18.9)	NS	0.85 (0.53–1.37)
A*03	35 (16.9)	38 (10.6)	NS	1.73 (1.03–2.39)
A*11	25 (12.1)	35 (9.7)	NS	1.28 (0.72–2.28)
A*23	3 (1.4)	18 (5.0)	NS	0.28 (0.06–1.02)
A*24	41 (19.9)	45 (12.5)	NS	1.74 (1.07–2.83)
A*26	7 (3.3)	34 (9.5)	NS	0.34 (0.13–0.81)
A*29	8 (3.8)	7 (1.9)	NS	2.04 (0.66–6.34)
A*30	3 (1.4)	19 (5.3)	NS	0.27 (0.06–0.96)
A*31	1 (0.48)	2 (0.05)	NS	0.87 (0.07–9.68)
A*32	11 (5.3)	26 (7.2)	NS	0.72 (0.33–1.57)
A*33	4 (1.9)	13 (3.6)	NS	0.53 (0.14–1.77)
A*34	1 (0.48)	0 (0.0)	NS	0.28 (0.02–3.16)
A*66	1 (0.48)	2 (0.05)	NS	0.87 (0.07–9.68)
A*68	8 (3.8)	12 (3.3)	NS	1.17 (0.43–3.14)
A*69	1 (0.48)	1 (0.02)	NS	1.75 (0.11–27.79)

Notes: OR with 95% CI. Pc values: value of Fisher’s exact test with correction for multiple comparisons.

Abbreviations: HLA, human leukocyte antigen; NS, not significant.

Table 4 Distribution of HLA-B alleles in autism patients and healthy controls

HLA-B alleles	Patients 2n=206 (%)	Healthy controls 2n=360 (%)	Pc values	OR (95% CI)
B*07	9 (4.3)	16 (4.4)	NS	0.98 (0.39–2.41)
B*08	7 (3.3)	10 (2.8)	NS	1.23 (0.42–3.57)
B*13	7 (3.3)	10 (2.8)	NS	1.23 (0.42–3.57)
B*14	2 (0.97)	9 (2.5)	NS	0.38 (0.06–1.91)
B*15	4 (1.9)	13 (3.6)	NS	0.53 (0.14–1.77)
B*18	21 (10.1)	17 (4.7)	NS	2.29 (1.13–4.68)
B*27	0 (0.0)	3 (0.09)	NS	0.65 (0.43–3.89)
B*35	40 (19.4)	75 (20.8)	NS	0.92 (0.58–1.44)
B*37	4 (1.9)	1 (0.03)	NS	6.95 (0.77–62.5)
B*38	7 (3.3)	20 (5.6)	NS	0.59 (0.24–1.43)
B*39	1 (0.48)	2 (0.06)	NS	0.87 (0.07–9.68)
B*40	8 (3.8)	10 (2.8)	NS	1.41 (0.50–3.95)
B*41	6 (2.9)	13 (3.6)	NS	0.86 (0.27–2.30)
B*44	16 (7.7)	17 (4.7)	NS	1.70 (0.80–3.63)
B*45	1 (0.48)	1 (0.03)	NS	1.75 (0.10–28.14)
B*47	1 (0.48)	2 (0.06)	NS	0.87 (0.07–9.68)
B*48	1 (0.48)	3 (0.09)	NS	0.58 (0.02–6.27)
B*49	9 (4.3)	15 (4.2)	NS	1.05 (0.42–2.61)
B*50	8 (3.8)	16 (4.4)	NS	0.87 (0.33–2.20)
B*51	30 (14.5)	42 (11.7)	NS	1.29 (0.76–2.20)
B*52	5 (2.4)	17 (4.7)	NS	0.50 (0.16–1.47)
B*53	4 (1.9)	1 (0.03)	NS	6.95 (0.77–62.5)
B*54	1 (0.48)	1 (0.03)	NS	1.75 (0.10–28.14)
B*55	8 (3.8)	26 (7.2)	NS	0.52 (0.21–1.23)
B*56	0 (0.0)	5 (1.4)	NS	0.28 (0.03–2.41)
B*57	1 (0.48)	6 (1.7)	NS	0.29 (0.01–2.42)
B*58	3 (1.4)	8 (2.2)	NS	0.65 (0.14–2.72)
B*73	0 (0.0)	1 (0.03)	NS	0.86 (0.07–9.55)

Notes: OR with 95% CI. Pc values: value of Fisher’s exact test with correction for multiple comparisons.

Abbreviations: HLA, human leukocyte antigen; NS, not significant.

Table 5 Distribution of the HLA-A/B/DRB1 haplotypes among both groups of the study

Haplotypes	Patients 2n=206 (%)	Healthy controls 2n=360 (%)	P-values	OR (95% CI)
A*01–B*18–DRB1*13	2 (0.97)	0 (0.0)	NS	5.25 (0.54–50.83)
A*01–B*18–DRB1*14	2 (0.97)	0 (0.0)	NS	5.25 (0.54–50.83)
A*01–B*35–DRB1*13	0 (0.0)	6 (1.6)	NS	0.14 (0.01–1.16)
A*01–B*51–DRB1*04	3 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	NS	6.96 (0.77–62.7)
A*01–B*51–DRB1*11	1 (0.48)	4 (1.1)	NS	0.43 (0.02–4.13)
A*01–B*55–DRB1*03	0 (0.0)	4 (1.1)	NS	0.34 (0.04–2.94)
A*02–B*35–DRB1*07	0 (0.0)	4 (1.1)	NS	0.34 (0.04–2.94)
A*02–B*35–DRB1*11	1 (0.48)	6 (1.6)	NS	0.29 (0.01–2.42)
A*02–B*40–DRB1*03	2 (0.97)	0 (0.0)	NS	5.25 (0.54–50.83)
A*02–B*40–DRB1*11	0 (0.0)	3 (0.8)	NS	0.43 (0.04–3.88)
A*02–B*49–DRB1*11	2 (0.97)	0 (0.0)	NS	5.25 (0.54–50.83)
A*02–B*50–DRB1*03	2 (0.97)	0 (0.0)	NS	5.25 (0.54–50.83)
A*02–B*50–DRB1*07	3 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	NS	6.96 (0.77–62.7)
A*02–B*51–DRB1*04	0 (0.0)	5 (1.3)	NS	0.28 (0.03–2.41)
A*02–B*51–DRB1*07	0 (0.0)	3 (0.8)	NS	0.43 (0.04–3.88)
A*02–B*51–DRB1*11	2 (0.97)	4 (1.1)	NS	0.87 (0.11–5.57)
A*03–B*15–DRB1*08	0 (0.0)	3 (0.8)	NS	0.43 (0.04–3.88)
A*03–B*35–DRB1*01	1 (0.48)	3 (0.8)	NS	0.58 (0.02–6.27)
A*03–B*35–DRB1*07	4 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	NS	8.76 (1.01–75.5)
A*03–B*35–DRB1*11	4 (1.9)	3 (0.8)	NS	2.36 (0.44–13.37)
A*03–B*35–DRB1*13	2 (0.97)	0 (0.0)	NS	5.25 (0.54–50.83)
A*03–B*44–DRB1*04	7 (3.38)	0 (0.0)	NS	14.4 (1.79–116.2)
A*03–B*51–DRB1*04	2 (0.97)	1 (0.2)	NS	3.52 (0.317–39.054)
A*11–B*35–DRB1*01	1 (0.48)	5 (1.3)	NS	0.35 (0.02–3.06)
A*11–B*35–DRB1*11	3 (1.4)	9 (2.5)	NS	0.57 (0.15–2.15)
A*11–B*52–DRB1*15	2 (0.97)	0 (0.0)	NS	5.25 (0.54–50.83)
A*11–B*55–DRB1*11	2 (0.97)	0 (0.0)	NS	5.25 (0.54–50.83)
A*24–B*14–DRB1*01	2 (0.97)	0 (0.0)	NS	5.25 (0.54–50.83)
A*24–B*18–DRB1*01	2 (0.97)	0 (0.0)	NS	5.25 (0.54–50.83)
A*24–B*35–DRB1*03	1 (0.48)	3 (0.8)	NS	0.58 (0.02–6.27)
A*24–B*35–DRB1*11	9 (4.3)	8 (2.2)	NS	2.01 (0.70–5.82)
A*24–B*40–DRB1*15	2 (0.97)	0 (0.0)	NS	5.25 (0.54–50.83)
A*24–B*55–DRB1*13	2 (0.97)	0 (0.0)	NS	5.25 (0.54–50.83)
A*26–B*38–DRB1*07	0 (0.0)	3 (0.8)	NS	0.43 (0.04–3.88)
A*26–B*38–DRB1*14	1 (0.48)	4 (1.1)	NS	0.43 (0.02–4.13)
A*26–B*55–DRB1*04	0 (0.0)	5 (1.3)	NS	0.28 (0.03–2.41)
A*26–B*58–DRB1*11	0 (0.0)	3 (0.8)	NS	0.43 (0.04–3.88)
A*29–B*08–DRB1*03	0 (0.0)	3 (0.8)	NS	0.43 (0.04–3.88)
A*32–B*44–DRB1*07	3 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	NS	6.96 (0.77–62.7)
A*32–B*52–DRB1*15	0 (0.0)	4 (1.1)	NS	0.34 (0.04–2.94)
A*24–B*18–DRB1*11	3 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	NS	6.96 (0.77–62.7)
A*11–B*51–DRB1*13	3 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	NS	6.96 (0.77–62.7)
A*03–B*18–DRB1*11	3 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	NS	6.96 (0.77–62.7)
A*02–B*51–DRB1*13	3 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	NS	6.96 (0.77–62.7)

Note: OR with 95% CI.

Abbreviations: HLA, human leukocyte antigen; NS, not significant.