Psychiatric comorbidities in patients with intentional methanol intoxication

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline demographic data of patients with MI (n=56)

Variables	Intentional poisoning (n=16)		Unintentional poisoning (n=40)		χ^2	df	P-valueb
	n (%)	n	n (%)	n
Age	47.6±21.2		45.2±14.7				0.414
Gender		16		40	19.395	1	0.000**
Male	6 (37.5)		37 (92.5)
Female	10 (62.5)		3 (7.5)
Marital status		15		39	0.699	1	0.516
Other	6 (40.0)		11 (28.2)
Married	9 (60.0)		28 (71.8)
Education		12		31	0.107	1	0.411
≤9 years	8 (66.7)		19 (61.3)
>9 years	4 (33.3)		12 (38.7)
Paid employment		14		36	0.651	1	0.533
No	8 (57.1)		16 (44.4)
Yes	6 (42.9)		20 (55.6)
Documented disabling		16		40	2.739	1	0.129
No	11 (68.8)		35 (87.5)
Yesa	5 (31.3)		5 (12.5)
Alcohol consumption		15		40	21.158	1	0.000**
No	10 (66.7)		3 (7.5)
Yes	5 (33.3)		37 (92.5)
Smoking		15		39	7.831	1	0.009*
No	9 (60)		8 (20.5)
Yes	6 (40)		31 (79.5)
Betal nuts chewing		13		35	0.000	1	0.987
No	10 (76.9)		27 (77.1)
Yes	3 (23.1)		8 (22.9)
Past medical history		15		39	2.152	1	0.256
No	5 (33.3)		6 (15.4)
Yes	10 (66.7)		33 (84.6)
Past psychiatric historya		15		40	22.061	1	0.000**
No	4 (26.7)		36 (90.0)
Yes	11 (73.3)		4 (10.0)
Past suicide attempt		11		40	34.434	1	0.000**
No	2 (18.2)		39 (97.5)
Yes	9 (81.1)		1 (2.5)
Family history of psychiatric disorders		13		35	2.101	1	0.200
No	9 (69.2)		16 (45.7)
Yes	4 (30.8)		19 (54.3)

Notes:

a Excluding previous alcoholism or alcohol use disorder;

b all by Fisher’s exact test.

* P<0.05 and

** P<0.001.

Abbreviation: MI, methanol intoxication.

Table 2 Sources of methanol (n=56)

Source of methanol	n (%)
Intentional intoxication	16 (100)
Pesticides	8 (50)
Carbamate insecticidesa	3
Organophosphate insecticidesb	2
Organophosphate herbicidesc	1
Triazole fungicided	1
Unknown pesticide	1
Industrial methanole	6 (37.5)
Other	2 (12.5)
Deodorant	1
Nail care	1
Unintentional intoxication	40 (100)
Alcohol (commercial or moonshine)	36 (90)
Industrial methanole	4 (10)

Notes:

a All of them were methomyl.

b One methamidophos and one acephate.

c Paraquat.

d Hexaconazole.

e Including liquid methanol and alcohol gel, which is commonly used for heating hot pot in commercial stores or private use, but contains methanol more than 50%.

Table 3 Clinical outcomes of patients with MI (n=56)

	Intentional intoxication, n=16	Unintentional intoxication, n=40	t	df	P-value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Clinical data
Days of hospitalization	11.9±10.9	8.1±7.4	1.275	20.734	0.216
ICU admission (n)	9 (56.3%)	19 (47.5%)			0.768
Days in ICU	5.9±8.2	3.0±4.5	1.381	18.757	0.183
Outcome
Mortality (n)	4 (25%)	9 (22.5%)			0.548

Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; MI, methanol intoxication.

Table 4 Psychiatric diagnoses of survivors of intentional intoxication after psychiatric consultation-liaison evaluation (n=12)

Psychiatric diagnosis	n (%)
Depressive disorder	7 (58.3)
Major depressive disorder	5 (41.7)
Persistent depressive disorder	1 (8.3)
Unspecified depressive disorder	1 (8.3)
Adjustment disorder	3 (25.0)
Delusional disorder	1 (8.3)
Neurocognitive disorder	1 (8.3)

Notes: Comorbid alcohol use disorder: n=1. There were 14 intentional intoxicators but only 12 of them survived until being referred to psychiatric consultation- liaison team.