Lifetime predictors of stroke in subjects without a diagnosis of hypertension: the aerobics center longitudinal study

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants

	Overall (N=43,852)	18–39 years (N=18,911)	40–59 years (N=22,648)	≥60 years (N=2,293)
Age (years)	42.84±9.87	33.98±5.00	48.04±5.06	64.40±4.96
Men	33,254 (77.20)	14,188 (75.03)	17,350 (76.61)	1,716 (74.84)
BMI	25.43±3.88	25.00±3.98	25.76±3.79	25.61±3.53
CRF (METs)	11.22±2.60	11.93±2.58	10.84±2.46	9.13±2.26
SBP (mmHg)	117.80±13.31	115.55±12.25	118.85±13.45	125.98±15.52
DBP (mmHg)	78.69±9.34	76.91±9.10	80.01±9.31	80.30±9.18
PP (mmHg)	39.11±10.24	38.64±9.79	38.84±10.09	45.69±12.81
MAP (mmHg)	91.60±9.68	89.66±9.16	92.83±9.76	95.38±9.98
Cases of stroke	507 (1.16)	67 (0.35)	322 (1.42)	118 (5.15)
DM status	930 (2.12)	284 (1.50)	555 (2.45)	91 (3.97)
Current smoker	7,032 (16.04)	3,258 (17.23)	3,580 (15.81)	194 (8.46)
Heavy drinker	5,625 (12.83)	2,649 (14.01)	2,787 (12.31)	189 (8.24)
Weight status
Normal weight	22,067 (50.32)	10,556 (55.82)	10,418 (46.00)	1,093 (47.67)
Overweight	17,058 (38,90)	6,569 (34.74)	9,528 (42.07)	961 (41.91)
Obesity	4,727 (10.78)	1,786 (9.44)	2,702 (11.93)	239 (10.23)
PP quartiles
<32.00 mmHg	12,160 (27.73)	5,387 (28.49)	6,432 (28.40)	341 (14.87)
32.00–37.99 mmHg	15,227 (34.72)	6,795 (35.93)	7,884 (34.81)	548 (23.90)
38.00–44.99 mmHg	7,684 (17.52)	3,290 (17.40)	3,968 (17.52)	426 (18.58)
≥45.00 mmHg	8,672 (19.78)	3,391 (17.93)	4,309 (19.03)	972 (42.39)
MAP quartiles
<85.20 mmHg	12,295 (28.04)	6,540 (34.58)	5,371 (23.72)	384 (16.75)
85.20–91.19 mmHg	12,314 (28.08)	5,578 (29.50)	6,186 (27.31)	550 (23.99)
91.20–97.19 mmHg	10,615 (24.21)	4,114 (21.75)	5,872 (25.93)	629 (27.43)
≥97.20 mmHg	8,504 (19.39)	2,616 (13.83)	5,164 (22.80)	724 (31.57)
SBP quartiles
<110.00 mmHg	9,921 (22.62)	5,049 (26.70)	4,638 (20.48)	234 (10.20)
110.00–117.99 mmHg	11,350 (25.88)	5,285 (27.95)	5,660 (24.99)	405 (17.66)
118.00–125.99 mmHg	11,499 (26.22)	4,902 (25.92)	6,044 (26.69)	553 (24.12)
≥126.00 mmHg	10,976 (25.03)	3,630 (19.20)	6,251 (27.60)	1,095 (47.95)
Low CRF status	20,977 (47.84)	9,154 (49.99)	10,739 (47.42)	1,084 (47.27)

Note: Mean±SD for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; MAP, mean arterial pressure; METs, metabolic equivalents; PP, pulse pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Table 2 Long-term predictors of stroke in logistic regression modelsa including the 43,854 participants from the ACLS without a diagnosis of HTN at baseline

	Cases/n	Forward selection	RR (95% CI)	P-value
18–39 years	67/18,911	MAP		0.018
		Q2	1.17 (0.57–2.40)
		Q3	2.23 (1.15–4.33)b
		Q4	2.51 (1.23–5.14)b
40–60 years	322/22,648	SBP		<0.001
		Q2	1.57 (1.00–2.45)
		Q3	2.83 (1.88–4.27)b
		Q4	3.60 (2.40–5.39)b
		Low CRF	1.50 (1.19–1.89)b	0.001
		Weight status		0.005
		Overweight	0.77 (0.61–0.98)b
		Obese	0.54 (0.36–0.80)b
		Heavy drinking status	1.59 (1.20–2.11)b	0.001
≥60 years	118/2,293	Low CRF	1.83 (1.25–2.70)b	0.002
		Weight status		0.005
		Overweight	0.64 (0.43–0.96)b
		Obese	0.29 (0.12–0.68)b
		DM status	2.16 (1.05–4.45)b	0.037

Notes:

a Forward selection variables.

b Statistically significant coefficients (P<0.05). The following variables were included as candidates in the model in each category of age: sex, MAP, PP, SBP, smoking status (yes/no), age and gender-adjusted CRF (low/high), heavy drinking status (yes/no) DM status (yes/no), and weight status (normal weight/overweight/obese).

Abbreviations: ACLS, Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PP, pulse pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.