Predictors of achieving remission in schizophrenia patients treated with paliperidone palmitate 3-month formulation

Figures & data

Table 1 Outcome measures at Week 17 of PP1M treatment based on 6-month remission status to PP3M

Outcome measurea	Remission positive (n=260)	Remission negative (n=151)	P-value
PANSS total score	55.2 (8.6)	61.0 (7.0)	<0.001
	56.0 (31.0, 69.0)	63.0 (32.0, 69.0)
Positive symptom factor	15.2 (3.5)	16.4 (3.6)	0.001
	15.0 (8.0, 28.0)	16.0 (8.0, 28.0)
Negative symptom factor	15.1 (3.5)	18.3 (4.2)	<0.001
	15.0 (7.0, 22.0)	19.0 (7.0, 28.0)
Disorganized thoughts factor	13.6 (3.1)	15.4 (3.1)	<0.001
	13.0 (7.0, 21.0)	16.0 (8.0, 23.0)
Uncontrolled hostility/excitement factor	5.2 (1.6)	5.0 (1.7)	0.25
	5.0 (4.0, 14.0)	4.0 (4.0, 13.0)
Anxiety/depression factor	6.1 (2.0)	5.8 (2.0)	0.17
	6.0 (4.0, 12.0)	5.0 (4.0, 12.0)
CGI-S total score	2.8 (0.6)	3.2 (0.6)	<0.001
	3.0 (1.0, 4.0)	3.0 (2.0, 4.0)
PSP total score	68.4 (9.3)	60.6 (10.1)	<0.001
	70.0 (40.0, 95.0)	62.0 (31.0, 80.0)

Note:

a Values are mean (SD) and median (range) at Week 17.

Abbreviations: CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression-Severity; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; PP1M, paliperidone palmitate 1-month formulation; PP3M, paliperidone palmitate 3-month formulation; PSP, Personal and Social Performance.

Figure 1 Predicted probabilities of remission using the univariate model for each significant predictor of remission: (A) PANSS Marder negative symptom factor, (B) CGI-S, and (C) PSP total score.^a

Notes: ^aSolid lines with 95% CI bands show predicted probability of remission. Markers at Y=0 (no remission) and Y=1 (remission) list actual observations.
Abbreviations: CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression-Severity; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; PSP, Personal and Social Performance.

Table 2 Univariate logistic regression model of predictors of 6-month remission

Predictors	Wald chi-square	P-value	OR estimate (95% CI)
Age, years	0.03	0.86	1.00 (0.98, 1.10)
Sex, male vs female	0.04	0.84	1.04 (0.70, 1.56)
Race
Black or African vs White	1.08	0.30	1.74 (0.61, 4.94)
Others vs White	0.12	0.73	0.93 (0.61, 1.42)
Duration of illness since first diagnosis, years	0.20	0.65	1.00 (0.97, 1.02)
Outcome measures at Week 17
PANSS total score	40.42	<0.001	1.10 (1.07, 1.14)
Positive symptom factor	10.03	0.002	1.10 (1.04, 1.16)
Negative symptom factor	52.62	<0.001	1.27 (1.19, 1.36)
Disorganized thoughts factor	30.04	<0.001	1.21 (1.13, 1.30)
Uncontrolled hostility/excitement factor	1.30	0.25	1.08 (0.95, 1.23)
Anxiety/depression factor	1.90	0.17	1.07 (0.97, 1.19)
CGI-S total score	35.64	<0.001	3.55 (2.34, 5.38)
PSP total score	46.84	<0.001	1.09 (1.06, 1.11)

Abbreviations: CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression-Severity; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; PSP, Personal and Social Performance.

Figure 2 Variables predicting achievement of remission with PP3M during the double-blind treatment phase (multivariate analyses).

Notes: ^aScoring direction is reversed for the variable. OR indicates that 1-point decrease in the scale score increases odds of achieving remission by corresponding unit in x-axis.
Abbreviations: CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression-Severity; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; PP3M, paliperidone palmitate 3-month formulation; PSP, Personal and Social Performance.

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression model of predictors of 6-month remission

Predictors	Wald chi-square	P-value	OR estimate (95% CI)
PANSS negative symptom factor at Week 17	27.40	<0.001	1.20 (1.12, 1.29)
CGI-S total score at Week 17	11.03	<0.001	2.21 (1.38, 3.52)
PSP total score at Week 17	13.78	<0.001
1-point shift			1.05 (1.02, 1.08)
7-point shift			1.42 (1.18, 1.71)
10-point shift			1.65 (1.27, 2.16)

Abbreviations: CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression-Severity; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; PSP, Personal and Social Performance.