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Original Research

Dopaminergic pathway and primary visual cortex are involved in the freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a PET-CT study

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Pages 1905-1914 | Published online: 10 Jul 2019

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart of all subjects through the study.

Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson’s disease; PET-CT, positron emission tomography–computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MSA, multisystem atrophy; PSP, progressive nuclear paralysis; INPH, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus; FOG, freezing of gait.
Figure 1 Flow chart of all subjects through the study.

Table 1 Analysis of clinical characteristics in PD patients with FOG

Table 2 Uptake ratio of VMAT2 distribution by 18F-FDG PET-CT in PD patients with FOG

Figure 2 Activities of VMAT2 between the two groups.

Abbreviation: FOG, freezing of gait.
Figure 2 Activities of VMAT2 between the two groups.

Figure 3 PET-CT image of VMAT2 distribution in a Hoehn–Yahr stage 3 patient with freezing of gait. Two white arrows indicate severe dopamine decline of bilateral putamens in cases.

Abbreviation: PET-CT, positron emission tomography–computed tomography.
Figure 3 PET-CT image of VMAT2 distribution in a Hoehn–Yahr stage 3 patient with freezing of gait. Two white arrows indicate severe dopamine decline of bilateral putamens in cases.

Figure 4 PET-CT image of VMAT2 distribution in a Hoehn–Yahr stage 3 patient without freezing of gait. Two white arrows show the dopamine decline of bilateral putamen.

Abbreviation: PET-CT, positron emission tomography–computed tomography.
Figure 4 PET-CT image of VMAT2 distribution in a Hoehn–Yahr stage 3 patient without freezing of gait. Two white arrows show the dopamine decline of bilateral putamen.

Figure 5 PET-CT image of VMAT2 distribution in a normal person. Two white arrows show the normal dopamine level of bilateral putamen.

Abbreviation: PET-CT, positron emission tomography–computed tomography.
Figure 5 PET-CT image of VMAT2 distribution in a normal person. Two white arrows show the normal dopamine level of bilateral putamen.

Table 3 Uptake ratios of different brain regions by 18F-FDG PET-CT in PD patients with FOG

Figure 6 Activities of different brain regions between the two groups.

Abbreviation: FOG, freezing of gait.
Figure 6 Activities of different brain regions between the two groups.

Figure 7 PET-CT image of Hoehn–Yahr stage 3 patient with freezing of gait. Two white arrows show hypometabolism of bilateral primary visualcortex.

Abbreviation: PET-CT, positron emission tomography–computed tomography.
Figure 7 PET-CT image of Hoehn–Yahr stage 3 patient with freezing of gait. Two white arrows show hypometabolism of bilateral primary visualcortex.

Figure 8 PET-CT imageof Hoehn–Yahr stage 3 patient without freezing of gait. Two white arrows indicate hypermetabolism of bilateral primary visualcortex.

Abbreviation: PET-CT, positron emission tomography–computed tomography.
Figure 8 PET-CT imageof Hoehn–Yahr stage 3 patient without freezing of gait. Two white arrows indicate hypermetabolism of bilateral primary visualcortex.

Figure 9 PET-CT image of a normal person. Two white arrows show the normal metabolism of primary visualcortex.

Abbreviation: PET-CT, positron emission tomography–computed tomography.
Figure 9 PET-CT image of a normal person. Two white arrows show the normal metabolism of primary visualcortex.