Functional capacity as a predictor of postoperative delirium in transurethral resection of prostate patients in Northeast Brazil

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic, clinical, cognitive and functional characteristics and laboratory test results of patients experiencing postoperative delirium (POD) and not experiencing postoperative delirium (non-POD)

	Non-POD (N=52)	POD (N=3)	p-value
Age, years^c	71.46 (5.43)	77.67 (9.71)	0.75^a
Living with a partner^d	42 (80.80)	2 (66.70)	0.42^b
Illiteracy^d	22 (42.30)	1 (33.30)	0.74^b
Years of schooling^c	3.08 (3.10)	2.5 (2.12)	0.50^a
CCI score^c	0.55 (0.96)	1.67 (1.15)	0.24^a
Number of drugs used^c	2.31 (2.48)	2.5 (3.53)	0.83^a
Smoking, yes^d	2 (3.80)	0	0.87^b
Alcohol use, yes^d	5 (9.60)	0	0.57^b
Weight^c	69.95 (10.8)	76	0.50^a
Height^c	1.64 (0.08)	1.6	0.19^a
Abdominal circumference^c	100.77 (10.63)	121	0.15^a
Systolic blood pressure^c	134.31 (24.55)	130	0.54^a
Diastolic blood pressure^c	81.33 (9.25)	70 (14.14)	0.20^a
Pulse^c	75.42 (9.97)	80	0.30^a
Respiratory frequency^c	16.71 (2.65)	18.5 (0.71)	0.34^a
Temperature^c	36 (0.71)	36.05 (0.07)	0.55^a
Hemoglobin, g/dL^c	13.28 (1.19)	12.46 (3.43)	0.78^a
Leukocytes, /µL^c	10147.50 (14438.04)	15730 (15059.37)	0.47^a
Lymphocytes, /µL^c	1776.37 (606.03)	1928 (407.17)	0.50^a
Creatinine, mg/dL^c	1.14 (0.38)	1.26 (0.21)	0.05^a
Sodium, mEq/L^c	139.11 (2.60)	136.33 (8.14)	0.98^a
MMSE score^c	21.23 (4.56)	17	0.32^a
IQCODE score^c	3.03 (0.74)	3.46 (0.50)	0.23^a
BARTHEL index score^c	94.89 (15.02)	33.3 (25.17)	0.00^a,*
PFEFFER’s FAQ score^c	2.86 (5.69)	16.33 (12.01)	0.01^a,*
Hospital stay, days^c	2.23 (0.49)	6.6 (6.41)	0.00^a,*
Death^d	0	1 (33.33)	0.00^a,*

Notes: ^aMann–Whitney. ^bFisher–Exact test. ^cData shown as mean (SD). ^dData shown as n (%). *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; IQCODE, Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; Pfeffer’s FAQ, Pfeffer’s Functional Activities Questionnaire.

Table 2 Predisposing factors in postoperative delirium (POD) and non-postoperative delirium (non-POD) groups

Predisposing factors	Non-POD (N=52), n (%)	POD (N=3), n (%)	p-value
Serious illness	7 (13.45)	1 (33.33)	0.42^a
Comorbidities	3 (5.17)	0	1.00^a
Depression	4 (7.69)	0	1.00^a
Visual impairment	28 (53.78)	3 (100)	0.24^a
Hearing impairment	17 (32.66)	1 (33.33)	1.00^a
Dehydration	0	0	1.00^a
Chronic renal failure	0	0	1.00^a
Liver failure	0	0	1.00^a
Alcohol use	9 (17.33)	2 (66.77)	0.15^a
Previous delirium (>3 months)	2 (3.81)	0	1.00^a
Previous falls	3 (5.84)	0	1.00^a
Malnutrition	2 (3.82)	0	1.00^a

Note: ^aFisher–Exact test.

Table 3 Precipitating factors of delirium in the preoperative period and immediate postoperative period in postoperative delirium (POD) and non-postoperative delirium (non-POD) groups

Precipitating factors	Preoperative period			IPO
	Non-POD (N=52)	POD (N=3)	p-value	Non-POD (N=52)	POD (N=3)	p-value
CAM positive	0 (0)	0	–	0	2 (66.66)	0.00^a,*
Psychotropic drug use	7 (13.51)	2 (66.66)	0.06^a	0	0
Pain	0	0	–	3 (5.81)	1 (33.3)	0.16^a
Pain level, mean (SD)	0	0	–	0.41 (1.64)	1 (1.61)	0.11^a
Pain level, min–max	–	–	–	2–9	3	–
Bed restriction	1 (1.91)	0	1.00^a	18 (34.63)	3 (100)	0.02^a,*
Urinary catheterization	19 (36.52)	2 (66.66)	0.57^a	29 (55.81)	2 (66.66)	0.06^a
Physical restraints	1 (1.91)	0	1.00^a	0	0	–
Dehydration	1 (1.91)	0	1.00^a	0	0	–
Iatrogenic event	1 (1.91)	0	1.00^a,a	0	0	–
Complications during hospitalization	2 (3.82)	0	1.00^a	0	0	–
Electrolyte disorder	1 (1.91)	0	1.00^a	0	0	–
Infection	2 (3.82)	1 (33.33)	1.00^a	4 (7.67)	1 (33.3)	0.17^a
Sensory deprivation	3 (5.73)	0	1.00^a	0	0	–
Sleep deprivation	5 (9.55)	0	1.00^a	0	0	–

Notes: ^aFisher–Exact test. *Statistically significant (P<0.05). Data shown as n (%) unless indicated otherwise.

Abbreviations: CAM positive, identification of delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method; IPO, immediate postoperative period; D2, postoperative day 2; POD, postoperative delirium.