Correlations And Correlates Of Post-Traumatic Growth And Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms In Patients With Breast Cancer

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Data, Health Condition, And Self-Reported Inventory Of Patients With Breast Cancer (N = 145)

Characteristics	Mean± SD/N (%)
Age, years	52.25±10.45
BMI, kg/m^2	24.22±4.11
Year of education	10.77±3.95
Marital status, married	115 (79.3)
Employment	75 (51.7)
Menopause Status (Menopause)	106 (73.1)
Comorbidity
Psychiatric history	27 (18.6)
Diabetes	10 (6.9)
Hypertension	29 (20.0)
Cancer stage^⋆
0	25 (17.4)
1	44 (30.6)
2	57 (39.6)
3	18 (12.4)
Systemic treatments
Chemotherapy	38 (26.2)
Radiotherapy	46 (31.7)
Hormone therapy	61 (42.1)
Family History
Breast Cancer	30 (20.7)
Psychiatric disorders	13 (9.0)
Surgical procedure^⋆
Partial mastectomy	114 (79.2)
Total mastectomy	30 (20.8)
Cancer subtypes
ER, positive	114 (78.6)
PR, positive	97 (66.9)
Her2_neu, negative	90 (62.1)
Her2_neu, positive	25 (17.2)
Her2_neu, equivocal	28 (19.3)
Lymph node involvement	43 (29.7)
Self-report inventory
Family support (family APGAR score)	6.26±3.16
Depression (PHQ-9)	4.79±4.47
EQ-VAS	71.91±19.00
FACT-Cog, total score	115.94±14.26
PTSD (SPAN-C)	0.77±2.01
PTGI (n=108), total scores	32.54±26.17
Chronic pain (score)	1.37±2.24
Fatigue (BFI, n=108)
Fatigue severity	4.71±6.42
Fatigue interference	3.31±5.63
Alexithymia (TAS, n=108)	55.31±5.90
Anxiety symptoms (HADS) (n=108)	3.85±3.78

Note: ^⋆There was one missing piece of data on cancer stage and surgical procedure.

Abbreviations: BFI, Brief Fatigue Inventory; ER, estrogen receptor; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety symptoms; Her2, human epidermal growth factor receptor; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PR, progesterone receptor; PTGI, Post-traumatic Growth Inventory; TAS, Toronto Alexithymia Scale; VAS, visual analog scale.

Figure 1 Scatter plots with a regression line of the correlations between post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth.

Table 2 Summary Of The Linear Regression Of Significant Predictors For PTGI In Patients With Breast Cancer

Variable	Unadjusted Model						Adjusted Model
	B	SE	β	p-value	R^2	DW	B	SE	β	p-value	VIF	R^2	DW
Age, years	−0.057	0.029	−0.210	0.031*	0.03	1.83	–	–		–	–	0.33	1.87
BMI, kg/m^2	−0.170	0.075	−0.190	0.046*	0.03	1.78	−1.080	0.538	−0.165	0.075*	1.02
Year of education	0.817	0.121	0.377	<0.001***	0.13	1.69	1.852	0.603	0.272	0.003**	1.19
Diabetes	0.167	0.052	−0.221	0.0218*	0.04	1.80	–	–		–	–
Chemotherapy	0.174	0.057	0.256	0.0074**	0.06	1.93	13.615	4.793	0.248	0.005**	1.15
Hormone therapy	0.333	0.064	0.223	0.0201*	0.04	1.81	–	–		–	–
Family support (Family APGAR)	0.421	0.084	0.210	0.0295*	0.03	1.89	2.106	0.675	0.259	0.024**	1.04
Anxiety symptoms (HADS-A)	−0.141	0.018	0.272	0.0044**	0.07	1.72	1.873	0.626	0.271	0.035*	1.24

Notes: Adjusted model was applied using a stepwise linear regression. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Abbreviations: β, standardized regression coefficients; B, regression coefficient; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety symptoms; PTGI, Post-traumatic Growth Inventory; SE, standard error; VIF, variance inflation factor.

Table 3 Summary Of The Linear Regression Of Significant Predictors For PTSD In Patients With Breast Cancer

Variable	Unadjusted Model						Adjusted Model
	B	SE	β	p-value	R^2	DW	B	SE	β	p-value	VIF	R^2	DW
Chronic pain (score)	0.076	0.011	0.498	<0.001***	0.243	1.93	0.049	0.012	0.316	<0.001***	1.11	0.40	1.96
Fatigue severity (BFI)	0.016	0.005	0.304	0.001**	0.084	2.13	–	–	–	–	–
Alexithymia (TAS)	0.013	0.005	0.241	0.012*	0.049	2.20	–	–	–	–	–
Depression (PHQ-9)	0.032	0.006	0.412	<0.001***	0.164	1.89	–	–	–	–	–
Anxiety symptoms (HADS-A)	0.034	0.008	0.391	<0.001***	0.145	2.23	0.018	0.007	0.212	0.011*	1.19
Cognition (Fact-Cog total score)	−0.014	0.002	−0.585	<0.001***	0.338	2.11	−0.009	0.002	−0.350	<0.001***	1.30
Psychiatric history	0.228	0.071	0.260	0.002**	0.061	1.97	–	–		–	–

Notes: Adjusted model was applied using a stepwise linear regression. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Abbreviations: B, regression coefficient; BMI, body mass index; BFI, Brief Fatigue Inventory; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety symptoms; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; SE, standard error; VIF, variance inflation factor.