CXCL13 Is A Biomarker Of Anti-Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated Protein 1 Encephalitis Patients

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Features Of Anti-LGI1 And Control Patients

	LGI1 (n=16)	Control (n=9)
Age, mean ± SD	53.2±10.8	48.9±25.7
Sex, male/female	14/2	7/2
Clinical manifestations
Cognitive deficit, %	75%	11.1%
Psychiatric symptoms, %	18.8%	0%
Seizures, %	93.8%	11.1%
FBDS, %	31.3%	0%
Abnormal brain MRI (unilateral/bilateral limbic lobe lesions), %	56.3%	0%
Abnormal EEG (widespread slow waves; spike waves), %	43.8%	11.1%
Abnormal CSF
CSF pleocytosis (>6 cells/mm^3), %	25%	11.1%
CSF WBC count (cells/mm^3), mean ± SD	3.3±3.0	2.0±2.3
CSF protein level (g/L), mean ± SD	0.51±0.34	0.38±0.17
CSF protein elevation, %	25%	0%

Abbreviations: LGI1, anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1; FBDS, faciobrachial dystonic seizures; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CSF, cerebral spinal fluid; SD, standard deviation; WBC, white blood cell.

Figure 1 Serum cytokine/chemokine changes in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients.

Notes: Serum CXCL13 (E) levels were higher in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients than in controls. IL-6 (A), IL-10 (B), IL-17 (C), CXCL12 (D), BAFF (F) and HMGB1 (G) levels were not different between the anti-LGI1 encephalitis group and the control group. *P-value <0.05; ns: p-value >0.05.
Abbreviations: LGI1, anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1; IL, interleukin; CXCL12, stromal cell-derived factor-1; CXCL13, C-X-C motif chemokine 13; BAFF, B cell activation factor; HMGB1, high-mobility group box protein 1.

Figure 2 Changes in CSF levels of cytokines/chemokines in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients.

Notes: CXCL13 (E) levels in CSF were were higher in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients than in controls. IL-6 (A), IL-10 (B), IL-17 (C), CXCL12 (D), BAFF (F) and HMGB1 (G) levels were not different between the anti-LGI1 encephalitis group and the control group. *P-value <0.05; ns, p-value >0.05.
Abbreviations: LGI1, anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1; IL, interleukin; CXCL12, stromal cell-derived factor-1; CXCL13, C-X-C motif chemokine 13; BAFF, B cell activation factor; HMGB1, high-mobility group box protein 1.