Prediction of Risk Factors for the Evolution of Traumatic Subdural Effusion into Chronic Subdural Hematoma

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of the 70 TSE Patients and Single-Factor Analysis of the Related Risk Factors

Related Factors	TSE Evolved to CSDH		P value
	Yes (n=17) No (n=53)
Sex
Male	16	43	0.273
Female	1	10
Age (years, mean±SD)	62.12±18.23	64.21±13.46	0.913
Subdural effusion location			0.094
Frontal	8	34
Fronto-temporal	9	19
One side or double			0.611
One side	6	22
Double sides	11	31
GCS scores on admission	12.82±2.88	13.36±2.68	0.416
Brain contusion			0.005^a
Yes	13	20
No	4	33
Days of effusion appeared after injury	3.0±2.14	4.70±2.68	0.003^a
Mannitol used per day(mL)			0.361
0	10	39
≦300mL	6	11
>300mL	1	3
Days of mannitol used (day)	4.71±2.01	2.15±2.16	0.223
Atorvastatin Calcium use (20mg/d)			0.0001^a
Yes	5	45
NO	12	8
Antiplatelet agent use			1.000
Yes	0	3
No	17	50
Anticoagulants use			0.568
Yes	1	8
No	16	45
Blood clot routine			0.160
Normal	17	44
Abnormal	0	9
Layer height of effusion on CT (mm)
Left	38.88±22.52	27.28±18.72	0.127
Right	33.64±26.00	26.75±15.84	0.945
Thickness of effusion on CT (mm)
Left	6.19±4.20	4.76±3.21	0.231
Right	4.94±3.95	4.08±2.24	0.256
CT value of effusion (Hu)
Left	11.29± 5.35	7.32±5.09	0.006^a
Right	8.29 ± 7.16	7.70±4.52	0.118

Note: ^aBold formatting indicates these are statistically different.

Abbreviations: TSE, traumatic subdural effusion; CSDH, chronic subdural hematoma; GCS, Glasgow coma score; CT, computed tomography.

Table 2 Logistic Multivariate Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for TSE to CSDH Evolution

Factors	OR value	95% CI	P value
Combined brain contusion	16.247	1.831–144.157	0.0120
No consumption of atorvastatin calcium	60.028	6.103–590.399	0.0001
High CT value of effusion	1.285	1.067–1.547	0.0080
The time of the effusion appearance	0.573	0.349–0.941	0.0280

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 3 ROC Model of the Independent Risk Factors

Variable	AUC	SE	95% CI	P value	Cutoff Value
Combined brain contusion	0.694	0.072	0.552–0.835	0.017	NA
No consumption of atorvastatin calcium	0.777	0.071	0.638–0.917	0.001	NA
High CT value of effusion	0.720	0.077	0.568–0.871	0.007	11.5 Hu
The time of the effusion appearance	0.735	0.078	0.582–0.887	0.004	3.5 days

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable.

Figure 1 Receiver operating characteristic curve of the independent risk factors obtained from the multivariate logistic regression analysis. (A) combined brain contusion (AUC = 0.694, P = 0.017), no consumption of atorvastatin calcium (AUC = 0.777, P = 0.001), high CT value of effusion (AUC = 0.720, P = 0.007). (B) the time of the effusion appearance (AUC = 0.735, P = 0.004).