The Relationship Between Baseline Clinical Symptom Characteristics and Working Ability in Japanese Patients Treated for Major Depressive Disorder and Painful Physical Symptoms

Figures & data

Figure 1 Patient recruitment. ^aMultiple reasons for exclusion from the analysis were possible.

Table 1 Demographics and Baseline Clinical Characteristics

	Working Ability Recovered N = 122	Working Ability Not Recovered N = 91	p-value
Female, n (%)	71 (58.2)	49 (53.8)	0.5265^a
Age (years), mean ± SD	42.6 ± 14.8	43.2 ± 14.2	0.7686^b
Age (years) at first onset of MDD, mean ± SD	39.4 ± 13.6	38.3 ± 12.4	0.5729^b
Number of MDD episodes experienced, n (%)			0.0544^c
1	66 (54.1)	40 (44.0)
2	31 (25.4)	23 (25.3)
3 or more	5 (4.1)	12 (13.2)
Unknown	20 (16.4)	16 (17.6)
Duration of current MDD depressive episode (weeks), mean ± SD	15.1 ± 21.0	15.2 ± 24.8	0.9761^b
Complications (yes), n (%)	10 (8.2)	22 (24.2)	0.0012^a
Complications that may cause PPS (yes), n (%)	2 (1.6)	3 (3.3)	0.4294^a
Current working status			0.1736^a
Part-time	13 (10.7)	5 (5.5)
Full-time	34 (27.9)	19 (20.9)
Self-employment	7 (5.7)	1 (1.1)
Student	2 (1.6)	1 (1.1)
Homemaker	18 (14.8)	17 (18.7)
Volunteer	1 (0.8)	1 (1.1)
Non-employment not due to depressive symptoms	3 (2.5)	9 (9.9)
Non-employment due to depressive symptoms	9 (7.4)	11 (12.1)
Medical leave not due to depressive symptoms	3 (2.5)	3 (3.3)
Medical leave due to depressive symptoms	32 (26.2)	24 (26.4)
Retired	0	0
HAM-D17 score (total), n (%)			0.1417^a
≤18	11 (9.0)	14 (15.4)
≥19	103 (84.4)	70 (76.9)
Mean pain score (BPI-SF), n (%)			0.4878^a
≤6	82 (67.2)	57 (62.6)
≥7	40 (32.8)	34 (37.4)
Psychotherapy (yes)^d, n (%)	62 (50.8)	26 (28.6)	0.0011^a

Notes: ^aChi-square test for differences in percentages in each category between groups. ^bWelch’s t-test for differences in means between groups. ^cWilcoxon rank sum test for the number of MDD episodes experienced (1, 2, 3 or more; excluding “unknown”) as ordinal scale between groups. ^dIncluded patients who received psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy, group psychotherapy, and psychoanalysis at baseline from the investigators.

Abbreviations: BPI-SF, Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form; HAM-D17, 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; MDD, major depressive disorder; PPS, painful physical symptoms; SD, standard deviation.