Application of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Tools: Strengths and Weaknesses of the Korean ADHD Rating Scale and Continuous Performance Test

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of the Participants

Characteristics	NC	NOS	ADHD
Age, mean±SD	8.6±1.11	9.2±1.30	8.5±0.88
Gender, N (%)
Boy	8 (66.7)	26 (78.8)	24 (82.8)
Girl	4 (33.3)	7 (21.2)	5 (17.2)
Subtype, N (%)
ADHD-C			7 (24.1)
ADHD-I			14 (48.3)
ADHD-H			8 (27.6)

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; NC, normal control; NOS, (ADHD) not otherwise specified; ADHD-C, ADHD combined subtype; ADHD-I, ADHD predominantly inattentive subtype; ADHD-H, ADHD predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 The result of comparisons between ADHD, NOS, and NC group using K-ARS and IVA+Plus.

Note: *p<0.05 **p<0.001 by ANCOVA; error-bar means standard error.

Abbreviations: ADHD, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; NC, Normal Control; NOS, (ADHD) Not Otherwise Specified; K-ARS, Korean ADHD Rating Scale, IVA+Plus, Integrated Visual and Auditory test; H/I, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity; Inatt., Inattention.

Figure 2 Receiver operating curves for the K-ARS and IVA+Plus in each group.

Abbreviations: ADHD, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; NC, Normal Control; NOS, (ADHD) Not Otherwise Specified; K-ARS, Korean ADHD Rating Scale; IVA+Plus, Integrated Visual and Auditory test; H/I, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity; Inatt., Inattention.

Table 2 AUC in K-ARS and IVA+Plus Among Each Group

Test	Group	AUC	p-value	95% CI
K-ARS	ADHD vs NC	0.960	<0.001	0.000–1.000
	NOS vs NC	0.885	<0.001	0.783–1.000
	ADHD+NOS vs NC	0.920	<0.001	0.848–0.992
	ADHD vs NOS+NC	0.779	<0.001	0.674–0.884
IVA+Plus I/H	ADHD vs NC	0.740	0.017	0.592–0.888
	NOS vs NC	0.643	0.147	0.488–0.798
	ADHD+NOS vs NC	0.688	0.040	0.574–0.803
	ADHD vs NOS+NC	0.626	0.069	0.491–0.760
IVA+Plus Inatt.	ADHD vs NC	0.731	0.021	0.575–0.888
	NOS vs NC	0.658	0.085	0.491–0.825
	ADHD+NOS vs NC	0.692	0.036	0.554–0.830
	ADHD vs NOS+NC	0.625	0.071	0.493–0.757

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; NC, normal control; NOS, (ADHD) not otherwise specified; K-ARS, Korean ADHD Rating Scale; IVA+Plus, Integrated Visual and Auditory test; I/H, impulsivity/hyperactivity; Inatt., inattention.