A Case–Control Study on Behavioral Addictions and Neurocognition: Description of the BANCO and BANCO2 Protocols

Figures & data

Table 1 Measures Used for the Diagnosis of BA

Pathology	Diagnosis Criteria	Measures	Threshold
Gambling Disorder (GbD)	Gambling disorder section of the DSM-5	NODS^Citation82 (fair internal reliability^Citation83) adapted to the DSM-5 criteria	Score ≥ 4
Sexual Addiction (SA)	Diagnostic criteria proposed by Carnes, Hopkins, and Green (2014)^Citation84	In the absence of a validated diagnostic interview, the structure of the NODS is used, after adoption of Carnes’ diagnosis criteria	Score ≥ 3
Gaming Disorder (GmD)	Internet gaming disorder section of the DSM-5 and gaming disorder section of the ICD-11	In the absence of a validated diagnostic interview, the structure of the NODS is used, after adaptation to the DSM-5 criteria for internet gaming disorder. Moreover, the experimenter systematically questions patients to ensure that they meet the definition of gaming disorder, as proposed in the ICD-11	Score ≥ 5
Food Addiction (FA)	Substances dependence criteria of the DSM-5	YFAS 2.0 (French validation, good internal consistency^Citation85)	Score ≥ 2 AND significant distress

Abbreviations: DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; NODS: National Opinion Research Center DSM Screen for Gambling Problems; ICD: International Classification of Disease; YFAS: Yale Food Addiction Scale

Table 2 Schedule of Enrolment and Assessments Following SPIRIT Guidelines^86,87

	Study Period
	Patient Groups		Control Group
	Enrolment	Assessment	Enrolment and Assessment
TIMEPOINT	-t1*	t0**	t0**
ENROLMENT:
Eligibility screen	X		X
Informed consent	X		X
ASSESSMENTS:
Clinical Assessment	X		X
Neurocognitive assessment		X	X

Notes: *Less than six month before t0; **Time zero, the day of the neurocognitive assessment, X: indicates the timepoint of each step of the study.

Table 3 Measures Used for the Clinical Assessment

	Measures Used	Clinical Data Obtained
Psychopathological characteristics	HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale)^Citation88 (self-reported questionnaire, good reliability and discriminant validity)^Citation89	Presence and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms
	MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, good sensitivity and specificity)^Citation90	Screening of psychiatric and addictive disorders
	MIDI (Minnesota Impulsive Disorder Interview, good discriminant validity)^Citation91	Screening of comorbid BAs
	WURCS-C (Wender Utah Rating Scale–short version)^Citation92 (self-reported questionnaire, adequate internal consistency)^Citation93	Retrospective screening of ADHD during childhood
	ASRS (Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Symptom Checklist)^Citation94 (self-reported questionnaire with a good sensitivity in a substance use disorder population)^Citation95	Presence of ADHD symptoms in adulthood
Addiction-related characteristics (only for participants for who the associated section of the MIDI is positive)	CPGI (Canadian Problem Gambling Index)^Citation96 (self-reported questionnaire with adequate reliability)	Severity of gambling disorder
	PIUQ-JV (Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire),^Citation97 adapted for videogames (self-reported questionnaire with adequate psychometric proprieties calculated across nine European countries)^Citation98	Severity of excessive use of videogames
	SAST-R (Sexual Addiction Screening Test-Revised)^Citation99 (self-reported questionnaire with an excellent internal consistency)^Citation100	Severity of sexual addiction
	EDI-2 (Eating Disorders Inventory-2)^Citation101 (self-reported questionnaire with acceptable internal consistency in a binge eating disorder population)^Citation102	Severity of eating disorders on multiple aspects
Personality	UPPS-P (Impulsive Behavior Scale)^Citation103 (self-reported questionnaire with a good internal reliability)^Citation104	Impulsivity profile
	RSES (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale)^Citation105 (self-reported questionnaire with acceptable validity and fidelity)^Citation106	level of self-esteem
	TCI-125 (Temperament and Character Inventory)^Citation107 (self-reported questionnaire with a good internal consistency)^Citation108	Temperament and character profile
	TAS-20 (Toronto Alexithymia Scale)^Citation109 (self-reported questionnaire)^Citation110,Citation111	Alexithymia profile

Table 4 Modalities Proposed for Addiction-Related Pictures

Addiction	Proposed Modalities for Addiction-Related Pictures
GbD	Poker, casino, lotteries, sports betting, horse betting
GmD	MMORPG (massively-multiplayer online role-playing game), FPS (first person shooter), MOBA (multiplayer online battle area), and Sandbox and RTS (real-time strategy) together
SA	A woman alone, women, a man alone, men, man and woman together
FA	Sweet food, salted food or both sweet and salted food

Abbreviations: GbD, gambling disorder; GmD, gaming disorder; SA, sexual addiction; FA, food addiction.

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