Serum NOX1 and Raftlin as New Potential Biomarkers of Interest in Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

		Schizophrenia (n=45)	Control (n=45)	p value
Age(years)^a	Mean ± SD	34.86±6.74	34.35±6.46	0.18
Gender^b	Male (n:%)	24/21	22/23	0.13
BMI (kg/m^2)^a	Mean ± SD	24.91±2.45	24.78±3.67	0.28
Education (years)^a	Mean ± SD	9.53±1.79	9.35±1.68	0.23
Married^b	Single (n:%)	15/30 (33%)	16/29 (36%)	0.20
Duration of illness (years)	Mean ± SD	13.22±11.88
Onset of illness (Age)	Mean ± SD	24.28±5.94
Number of episodes	Mean ± SD	4.1±2.98
Chlorpromazine equivalent (Daily)	Mean ± SD	606.6±322.31
PANSS total	Mean ± SD	65.4±10.2
PANSS Positive	Mean ± SD	16.88±4.29
PANSS Negative	Mean ± SD	18.35±4.14
PANSS General	Mean ± SD	30.17±4.61
CDSS	Mean ± SD	2.15±1.49

Note: ^aIndependent samples t-test; ^bChi-Square test; α: 0.05.

Abbreviations: PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; CDSS, The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia.

Table 2 Laboratory Results of Patients and Healthy Controls

		Patients (n=45)	Control (n=45)	p value
NOX-1	Median (Q1-Q3)	25.06 (16.3–33.82)	6.96 (1.48–12.44)	<0.001*
Raftlin	Median (Q1-Q3)	40.63 (29.80–51.40)	18.17 (9.33–27.01)	<0.001*

Note: Mann–Whitney U-test. α, 0.05. *Difference is statistically significant.

Abbreviation: NOX-1, NADPH oxidase 1.

Table 3 Correlation Analysis Between Serum Levels and Symptom Severity

	NOX1		RAFTLİN
	r value	p value	r value	p value
PANSS P	0.464	<0.001*	0.454	0.043
PANSS N	0.436	0.043	0.534	0.049
PANSS G	0.452	<0.001*	0.498	<0.001*
PANSS T	0.468	<0.001*	0.499	<0.001*
CDSS	0.222	0.552	0.238	0.0542

Note: Correlation coefficients (r) and p values were calculated via Spearman correlation analysis. *Difference is statistically significant.

Abbreviations: PANSS, The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; P, Positive; N, Negative; G, General psychopathology; T, Total; CDSS, The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia.

Figure 1 ROC curve analysis of NOX1. Specificity, 0.946; Sensitivity, 0.978; AUC was 0.931 for NOX1. The cut-off point was detected as 18.12 ng/mL.

Abbreviations: NOX1, NADPH Oxidase; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under curve.

Figure 2 ROC curve analysis of raftlin. Specificity, 0.925; Sensitivity, 0.978; AUC was 0.915 for raftlin. The cut-off point was detected as 19.46 ng/mL.

Abbreviations: ROC, receiver operating characteristic; AUC, area under curve.