Synapse-Related Serum and P300 Biomarkers Predict the Occurrence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Depression

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Demographic Characteristics Between the DWM Group and the DWOM Group

Variable	DWM Group (n=145)	DWOM Group (n=55)	t or χ^2	P-value
Age (years)	41.76±11.68	43.58±10.47	1.011	0.313
Male, n (%)	70 (48.28)	24 (43.64)	0.344	0.557
Smoking, n (%)	37 (25.52)	18 (32.73)	1.039	0.307
Drinking, n (%)	42 (28.97)	17 (30.91)	0.072	0.787
Living alone, n (%)	28 (19.31)	3 (5.45)	4.020	0.044
Years of education	12.46±2.73	13.02±3.15	1.240	0.216
SBP (mmHg)	124.23±10.55	123.62±13.32	0.338	0.735
DBP (mmHg)	76.52±9.03	74.20±9.84	1.582	0.115
Sleep duration (h/d)	4.90±1.74	5.23±1.82	1.182	0.238
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.02±3.87	23.78±3.92	0.390	0.696
Therapeutic drugs, n (%)
SSRI	42 (28.97)	18 (32.73)	0.949	0.814
SNRI	38 (26.21)	16 (29.09)
SSRI + Mirtazapine	30 (20.69)	11 (20.00)
SNRI + Mirtazapine	35 (24.14)	10 (18.18)
HAMD-24 scores	21.09±5.12	20.78±5.39	0.376	0.706
MoCA scores
Baseline	28.03±1.42	27.92±1.28	0.502	0.616
MCI	21.11±2.45	–	–	–

Abbreviations: DWM, depression with MCI; DWOM, depression without MCI; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SNRI, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.

Figure 1 Comparison of baseline serum indices between DWM group and DWOM group. (A) The comparison of serum BDNF levels. (B) The comparison of serum FGF2 levels. (C) The comparison of serum FGF7 levels. (D) The comparison of serum FGF22 levels.

Notes: *P<0.05, ***P<0.001.

Abbreviations: DWM, depression with MCI; DWOM, depression without MCI; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2; FGF7, fibroblast growth factor 7; FGF22, fibroblast growth factor 22; ns, non-significant.

Figure 2 Comparison of baseline ERP indices between DWM group and DWOM group. (A) The comparison of P300 amplitude. (B) The comparison of P300 latency. (C) The comparison of MMN amplitude. (D) The comparison of MMN latency. (E) The comparison of N200 amplitude. (F) The comparison of N200 latency.

Notes: *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.

Abbreviations: DWM, depression with MCI; DWOM, depression without MCI; MMN, mismatch negative; ns, non-significant.

Table 2 Logistic Regression Analysis of Baseline Factors Influencing the Occurrence of MCI

	β	SE	Wald χ^2	P-value	OR
BDNF	−0.103	0.014	5.221	0.002	0.902
FGF22	−0.172	0.019	11.742	0.001	0.842
P300 latency	0.164	0.027	9.375	0.003	1.178
Constant	−2.132	1.018	7.532	0.009	0.119

Abbreviations: MCI, mild cognitive impairment; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FGF22, fibroblast growth factor 22; β, partial regression coefficient; SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio.

Figure 3 Correlation analysis of the relationships of MoCA scores at the time of MCI diagnosis with serum BDNF and FGF22 levels and the P300 latency in DWM group. (A) Scatterplot of the relationship between MoCA scores at the time of MCI diagnosis and serum BDNF levels. (B) Scatterplot of the relationship between MoCA scores at the time of MCI diagnosis and serum FGF22 levels. (C) Scatterplot of the relationship between MoCA scores at the time of MCI diagnosis and the P300 latency.

Abbreviations: BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FGF22, fibroblast growth factor 22; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

Table 3 Comparison of the Sensitivity, Specificity and AUC of Individual Indices and Combinations of Indices

Different Combinations	AUC	Sensitivity	Specificity
BDNF	0.670	0.903	0.382
FGF22	0.690	0.710	0.690
P300 latency	0.694	0.503	0.618
BDNF+FGF22	0.707	0.676	0.636
BDNF+P300 latency	0.723	0.669	0.691
FGF22+P300 latency	0.755	0.718	0.727
BDNF+FGF22+P300 latency	0.790	0.783	0.764

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FGF22, fibroblast growth factor 22.

Figure 4 ROC curves of the detection power of different combinations of serum BDNF and FGF22 levels and the P300 latency. (A) ROC curves of BDNF, FGF22 and P300 latency. (B) ROC curves of BDNF+FGF22, BDNF+P300 latency and FGF22+P300 latency. (C) ROC curves of BDNF+FGF22+P300 latency.

Abbreviations: ROC, receiver operating characteristic; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FGF22, fibroblast growth factor 22; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.

Table 4 Predictive Accuracy of Different Combinations of Indices

Different Combinations	Sensitivity	Specificity	Accuracy
P300 latency	0.523	0.786	0.625
FGF22+P300 latency	0.727	0.714	0.722
BDNF+FGF22+P300 latency	0.795	0.821	0.806

Abbreviations: BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; FGF22, fibroblast growth factor 22.