Does Baseline Cognitive Function Predict the Reduction Rate in HDRS-17 Total Scores in First-Episode, Drug-Naïve Patients with Major Depressive Disorder?

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Baseline Cognitive Function in MDD Patients and HCs

Variables	MDD (n = 84)	HCs (n = 88)	χ^2/t	p value
Sex (male/female)	33/51	38/50	0.269	0.604
Age (years)	35.70±12.47	34.83±11.24	0.483	0.630
Education (years)	13.58±2.76	13.85±2.32	−0.693	0.491
FAST
FAST total score	26.65±11.04	11.14±3.19	12.404	<0.001
Autonomy	3.20±2.29	1.48±1.15	6.279	<0.001
Occupational functioning	4.98±3.95	1.67±0.99	7.602	<0.001
Cognitive functioning	7.14±3.21	2.35±0.73	13.646	<0.001
Financial issues	1.80±1.69	1.60±1.13	0.894	0.372
Interpersonal relationships	6.96±3.89	2.26±0.94	10.990	<0.001
Leisure time	2.57±1.75	1.77±1.33	3.380	0.001
MCCB
TMT-A	34.99±13.10	52.81±5.66	−11.671	<0.001
BACS-SC	43.24±12.12	51.85±8.50	−5.418	<0.001
HVLT-R	45.52±9.15	47.53±5.90	−1.731	0.085
Fluency	42.01±9.76	53.57±6.86	−9.018	<0.001
WMS-III	43.14±10.80	45.41±8.28	−1.548	0.123
BVMT	41.57±10.04	45.30±9.55	−2.492	0.014
Mazes	38.26±7.67	40.69±6.83	−2.198	0.029
CPT-IP	41.36±11.57	50.94±6.57	−6.719	<0.001
MSCEI	36.63±10.08	49.19±5.44	−10.10	<0.001

Notes: Data presented as mean± standard deviation (SD) or frequency. Bold indicated significance of the comparisons between MDD patients and HCs.

Abbreviations: MDD, major depressed disorder; HCs, healthy controls; FAST, Functioning Assessment Short Test; MCCB, MATRICS consensus cognitive battery; TMT-A, Trail Making Test-A; BACS-SC, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia-Symbol Coding; Fluency, Animal Naming; HVLT-R, Hopkins Verbal Learning Tests-Revised; WMS-III, Wechsler Memory Scale-III; BVMT, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; CPT-IP, Continuous Performance Test-identical pairs version; MSCEI, Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test.

Table 2 The Partial Correlation of the Reduction Rate in HDRS-17 Total Scores and Cognitive Variables in Patients with FED (n=84)^a

	Cognitive Variables
The reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores	FAST
	Total score	Aut	Occu	Cog	Inter	Fin	Lei
	−0.383(0.001)	−0.305(0.007)	−0.199(0.080)	−0.371(0.001)	−0.292(0.009)	−0.023(0.840)	−0.152(0.185)
	MCCB
	TMT-A	BACS-SC	HVLT-R	Fluency	WMS-III	BVMT	Mazes	CPT-IP	MSCEI
	0.095(0.410)	0.314(0.005)	0.052(0.649)	0.206(0.070)	0.191(0.094)	0.210(0.065)	−0.036(0.757)	0.365(0.001)	0.316(0.005)

Notes: Values were shown as r (p). Bold indicated there is a significant correlation between the reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores and cognitive variables. ^aAfter controlling for baseline HDRS-17, HAMA-14, age, gender, educational levels and duration of FED.

Abbreviations: HDRS-17, the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; FED, First-episode, Drug-naïve Patients; FAST, Functioning Assessment Short Test; Aut, Autonomy; Occu, Occupational function; Cog, Cognitive function; Inter, Interpersonal relationship; Fin, Financial issues; Lei, Leisure time; MCCB, MATRICS consensus cognitive battery; TMT-A, Trail Making Test-A; BACS-SC, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia-Symbol Coding; Fluency, Animal Naming; HVLT-R, Hopkins Verbal Learning Tests-Revised; WMS-III, Wechsler Memory Scale-III; BVMT, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; CPT-IP, Continuous Performance Test-identical pairs version; MSCEI, Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test; HAMA-14, the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale.

Table 3 Stepwise Linear Regression Analysis of the Reduction Rate in HDRS-17 Total Scores in FED (n=84)^a

Outcome	Predictors	Patients with FED (n=84)
		β	Beta	SE	t	p	Adjust R^2
The reduction rate in HDRS-17 total scores							0.412
	FAST
	Cog	−0.013	−0.311	0.004	−3.482	0.001
	Aut	−0.023	−0.317	0.006	−3.616	0.001
	MCCB
	BACS-SC	0.004	0.326	0.001	3.548	0.001
	CPT-IP	0.003	0.223	0.001	2.407	0.018

Note: ^aAfter adjusting for baseline HDRS-17, HAMA-14 and age, gender, education level and duration of FED.

Abbreviations: HDRS-17, the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; FED, First-episode, Drug-naïve Patients; FAST, Functioning Assessment Short Test; Cog, Cognitive functioning; Aut, Autonomy; MCCB, MATRICS consensus cognitive battery; BACS-SC, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Symbol Coding sub-test; CPT-IP, Continuous Performance Test-identical pairs version; HAMA-14, the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Scale.