Mental health and burnout in primary and secondary school teachers in the remote mountain areas of Guangdong Province in the People’s Republic of China

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of scores on the SCL-90 of respondents with the national norm

Items	Respondents (n=590)	National norm (n=1,388)	t
Factor
Somatization	1.87±0.54	1.37±0.48	19.46*
Score
Obsessive-compulsive	2.03±0.51	1.62±0.58	15.69*
Interpersonal sensitivity	1.70±0.49	1.65±0.61	1.92
Depression	1.66±0.48	1.50±0.59	6.32*
Anxiety	1.54±0.50	1.39±0.43	6.36*
Hostility	1.59±0.54	1.46±0.55	4.87*
Phobia	1.27±0.51	1.23±0.41	1.69
Paranoia	1.54±0.48	1.43±0.57	4.40*
Psychoticism	1.40±0.43	1.29±0.42	5.24*
Total score	168.73±36.19	129.96±38.76	21.33*

Notes: All data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation.

* P<0.01.

Abbreviation: SCL-90, Symptom Checklist-90.

Table 2 Comparison of scores on the SCL-90 between sexes

Items	Female (n=386)	Male (n=204)	Student’s t-test
Factor
Somatization	1.97±0.56	1.66±0.45	7.34*
Score
Obsessive-compulsive	2.14±0.52	1.85±0.43	7.26*
Interpersonal sensitivity	1.77±0.51	1.58±0.43	4.89*
Depression	1.75±0.49	1.50±0.40	6.69*
Anxiety	1.64±0.51	1.34±0.40	7.66*
Hostility	1.68±0.56	1.42±0.45	6.18*
Phobia	1.37±0.53	1.08±0.39	7.36*
Paranoia	1.64±0.49	1.38±0.42	6.76*
Psychoticism	1.47±0.45	1.27±0.35	6.17*
Total score	176.81±37.16	153.46±28.71	8.46*

Notes: All data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation.

* P<0.01.

Abbreviation: SCL-90, symptom checklist-90.

Table 3 Comparison of scores on the C-MBI of respondents with those of the national norm

Dimensions	Respondents (n=590)	National norm (n=679)	t
EE	25.90±4.76	22.48±8.49	9.00**
DP	13.33±4.45	12.92±4.59	1.61
PA	18.61±2.42	19.19±4.55	−2.89**
IB	8.59±4.17	8.10±2.64	2.46*

Notes: All data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation.

* P<0.05;

** P<0.01.

Abbreviations: EE, emotional exhaustion; DP, depersonalization; PA, reduced personal accomplishment; IB, intellectual burnout; C-MBI, Chinese Primary and Secondary School Teachers Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Table 4 Comparison of scores on the C-MBI between sexes

Dimensions	Female (n=386)	Male (n=204)	t-test
EE	26.95±4.92	23.91±3.66	8.49*
DP	14.30±4.60	11.48±3.47	7.70*
PA	18.06±2.42	19.65±2.05	−8.39*
IB	9.55±4.27	6.78±3.30	8.75*

Notes: All data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation.

* P<0.01.

Abbreviations: EE, emotional exhaustion; DP, depersonalization; PA, reduced personal accomplishment; IB, intellectual burnout; C-MBI, Chinese Primary and Secondary School Teachers Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Table 5 Partial correlation between mental health and burnout

Factors	EE	DP	PA	IB
Somatization	0.743*	0.744*	−0.745*	0.752*
Obsessive-compulsive	0.796*	0.794*	−0.780*	0.804*
Interpersonal sensitivity	0.767*	0.768*	−0.744*	0.782*
Depression	0.790*	0.785*	−0.777*	0.800*
Anxiety	0.859*	0.857*	−0.834*	0.861*
Hostility	0.701*	0.702*	−0.685*	0.710*
Phobia	0.698*	0.705*	−0.675*	0.710*
Paranoia	0.751*	0.754*	−0.740*	0.762*
Psychoticism	0.752*	0.754*	−0.741*	0.767*

Notes: n=590; sex as control variable

* P<0.01.

Abbreviations: EE, emotional exhaustion; DP, depersonalization; PA, reduced personal accomplishment; IB, intellectual burnout.

Table 6 Regression analysis of impact of mental health on burnout

Dimensions	Factors	R^2	R^2	B	SE	Beta	Student’s t-test
EE		0.964	0.928
	Anxiety			1.784	0.214	0.187	8.342*
	Obsessive-compulsive			1.461	0.175	0.156	8.359*
	Interpersonal sensitivity			1.243	0.174	0.128	7.134*
	Somatization			1.520	0.148	0.174	10.270*
	Psychoticism			1.383	0.194	0.125	7.130*
	Depression			1.456	0.189	0.146	7.688*
	Hostility			0.821	0.141	0.093	5.823*
	Phobia			0.762	0.151	0.081	5.061*
	Paranoia			0.826	0.180	0.084	4.590*
DP		0.964	0.929
	Anxiety			1.596	0.200	0.178	7.990*
	Obsessive-compulsive			1.340	0.163	0.153	8.209*
	Interpersonal sensitivity			1.230	0.163	0.136	7.556*
	Somatization			1.445	0.138	0.176	10.453*
	Psychoticism			1.324	0.181	0.127	7.311*
	Hostility			0.771	0.132	0.093	5.855*
	Depression			1.245	0.177	0.133	7.032*
	Phobia			0.831	0.141	0.095	5.907*
	Paranoia			0.796	0.168	0.086	4.737*
PA		0.948	0.899
	Anxiety			−0.708	0.129	−0.145	−5.475*
	Obsessive-compulsive			−0.698	0.106	−0.146	−6.598*
	Paranoia			−0.497	0.109	−0.099	−4.570*
	Somatization			−0.953	0.090	−0.214	−10.638*
	Depression			−0.830	0.115	−0.163	−7.238*
	Psychoticism			−0.773	0.117	−0.137	−6.588*
	Interpersonal sensitivity			−0.520	0.105	−0.105	−4.927*
	Hostility			−0.389	0.085	−0.087	−4.566*
	Phobia			−0.296	0.091	−0.062	−3.252*
IB		0.975	0.950
	Anxiety			1.268	0.158	0.151	8.052*
	Obsessive-compulsive			1.256	0.129	0.153	9.756*
	Interpersonal sensitivity			1.197	0.128	0.141	9.324*
	Psychoticism			1.392	0.143	0.143	9.748*
	Somatization			1.422	0.109	0.185	13.043*
	Depression			1.353	0.140	0.154	9.694*
	Hostility			0.729	0.104	0.094	7.024*
	Phobia			0.745	0.111	0.091	6.713*
	Paranoia			0.706	0.132	0.081	5.330*

Notes: n=590; stepwise multiple regression was used with four dimensions of burnout as dependent variables and nine factors of SCL-90 as independent variables. Criteria: probability-of-F-to-enter <0.05 and probability-of-F-to-remove >0.10

* P<0.01.

Abbreviations: EE, emotional exhaustion; DP, depersonalization; PA, reduced personal accomplishment; IB, intellectual burnout; SCL-90, Symptom Checklist-90.