Baseline characteristics of depressive disorders in Thai outpatients: findings from the Thai Study of Affective Disorders

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of respondents with depression

Sociodemographic variables (n=346)	Value n (%) or mean (SD)
Sex
Male	87 (25.14)
Female	259 (74.56)
Age (years)
18–30	74 (21.4)
31–45	101 (29.2)
46–59	106 (30.6)
≥60	65 (18.8)
Mean (SD)	45.7 (15.9)
Median (range)	45 (18–83)
Education
Below elementary	42 (12.1)
Elementary to junior high school	105 (30.3)
High school	79 (22.8)
Bachelor degree or higher	120 (34.7)
Marital status
Single	109 (31.5)
Married	154 (45.5)
Widowed/divorced	83 (24.0)
Employment
Employed	262 (75.7)
Unemployed	84 (24.3)
Income (baht)
<5,000	131 (37.9)
5,001–10,000	73 (21.1)
10,001–20,000	65 (18.8)
>20,000	59 (22.2)
Health care delivery system used
Self-financed	69 (19.9)
Civil servant medical benefits scheme	100 (28.9)
Social security scheme	50 (14.5)
Universal coverage scheme	127 (36.7)
Depression
MDD (both first episode and recurrent)	306 (88.4)
Dysthymic disorder	22 (6.4)
Double depression	18 (5.2)
MDD (n=306)
First episode	188 (61.4)
Recurrent episodes	118 (38.6)
MDD with psychotic symptoms	15 (4.3)
MDD with melancholic symptoms	124 (35.8)
Suicidality present (n=332)
Yes	207 (62.3)
No	125 (37.7)
Severity of suicidality
Mild (score 1–5)	98 (48.3)
Moderate (score 6–9)	34 (16.7)
Severe (score ≥10)	71 (35.0)
Measurement of depression
HAMD-17
Total mean (SD)	24.20 (6.4)
(Range)	(10–43)
MDD (n=306)	24.40 (6.6)
Dysthymic disorder (n=22)	19.90 (6.4)
Double depression (n=18)	25.06 (4.6)
Thai Depression inventory (n=272)	51.51 (10.2)
(Range)	(28–80)
Geriatric Depression Scale (n=74)	17.77 (6.8)
(Range)	(3–29)
CGI-S
Mean (SD)	4.47 (1.1)
Median (range)	5.0 (2.0–7.0)
History of suicide attempts (n=302)
Yes	80 (26.5)
No	222 (73.5)
Family history of psychiatric disorders (n=328)
Yes	96 (29.2)
No	232 (70.8)
Family history
Depression	35 (10.7)
Bipolar disorder	5 (1.5)
Cognitive disorder	4 (1.2)
Alcohol and substance disorders	8 (2.3)
Other (schizophrenia, autism, anxiety disorders)	42 (12.8)

Abbreviations: CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression of Severity; MDD, major depressive disorder; SD, standard deviation; HAMD-17, 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.

Table 2 Psychosocial variables and quality of life components

	Value n (%) or mean (SD)
Psychosocial variables (n=346)
Interpersonal problems	65.82 (13.3)
(Range)	(25–105)
Attachment anxiety	3.72 (1.6)
(Range)	(1–7)
Attachment avoidance	3.88 (1.1)
(Range)	(1–7)
Insecure attachment (n=325)
Yes	63 (19.4)
No	262 (80.6)
Perceived stress	19.22 (5.3)
(Range)	(2–32)
Multidimensional scale for social support	4.38 (1.3)
(Range)	(1–7)
Quality of life (n=346)
SF-36v2
General health	25.35 (18.20)
(Range)	(0–84.80)
Physical functioning	53.34 (29.3)
(Range)	(0–100)
Role-physical	55.60 (28.3)
(Range)	(0–100)
Role-emotional	49.28 (27.2)
(Range)	(0–100)
Social functioning	51.29 (25.2)
(Range)	(0–100)
Bodily pain	50.22 (27.5)
(Range)	(0–100)
Vitality	30.88 (19.0)
(Range)	(0–94)
Mental health	34.49 (18.0)
(Range)	(0–95)
EQ-5D	0.502 (0.22)
(Range)	(−0.33 to 1.00)
EQ VAS	50.86 (21.5)
(Range)	(0–100)

Abbreviations: EQ-5D, EuroQoL-5 Dimension descriptive system; EQ VAS, EuroQoL visual analog scale; SD, standard deviation; SF-36v2, 36-item health-related quality of life tool.