Exploratory study describing 6 month outcomes for young children with autism who receive treatment as usual in Italy

Figures & data

Table 1 Child outcome after 6 months of treatment as usual

	Baseline (T0)		6-month outcomes (T1)			Student’s t-test			Effect size Cohen’s d
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Δ	t	df	P-value
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
Total	16.5	3.9	12.9	4.5	−3.6	10.76	69	0.002	0.85
Communication	5.7	1.6	4.6	2.1	−1.1	4.99	69	0.029	0.58
Social Interaction	10.7	2.8	8.2	2.9	−2.5	10.41	69	0.002	0.87
Calibrated Severity Score	7.1	2.0	6.0	1.8	−1.01	5.02	69	0.028	0.57
Griffiths Mental Developmental Scales
Total scale (GQ)	62.3	13.4	69.6	17.8	7.3	5.03	69	0.028	0.46
Locomotor development	81.9	16.4	83.7	16.4	1.8	0.003	69	0.956	0.10
Personal-social development	55.1	18.4	64.1	19.4	9	14.94	69	0.000	0.47
Hearing and speech	37.4	17.4	51.1	26.3	13.7	13.40	69	0.001	0.87
Hand and eye coordination	63.6	16.7	71.3	21.4	7.7	0.20	69	0.650	0.40
Performance test	75.8	19.8	82.2	23.3	6.4	1.45	69	0.233	0.29
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition
Composite	67.1	11.3	73.4	11.6	6.3	3.57	69	0.063	0.55
Communication	59.8	14.4	69.1	15.0	9.3	1.07	69	0.304	0.63
Daily Living	71.7	13.0	78.6	13.0	6.9	8.12	69	0.006	0.53
Socialization	65.2	12.5	70.5	11.7	5.3	4.26	69	0.043	0.43
Motor	81.5	14.0	85.2	13.7	3.7	0.05	69	0.813	0.26
MacArthur
Production	58.5	93.3	131.8	131.2	73.3	2.87	69	0.095	0.64
Comprehension	145	110.0	226.4	120.8	81.3	16.71	69	0.000	0.70
Gestures	29.8	14.4	42.3	12.8	12.5	18.80	69	0.000	0.91
Child Behavior Checklist 1½–5
Internalizing problems	63.5	11.6	59.5	9.7	−4	11.64	69	0.001	0.37
Externalizing problems	57.6	12.3	52.9	9.6	−4.7	11.81	69	0.001	0.42
Total problems	62.3	13.7	57.0	10.9	−5.3	13.27	69	0.001	0.42
Social Communication Questionnaire	17.6	5.5	14.0	5.6	−3.6	25.12	69	0.000	0.64

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; df, degree of freedom; GQ, general quotient.

Figure 1 Changes on Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule classification from T0 (baseline) to T1 (6-month follow-up).

Abbreviations: ADOS, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; Com, communication; Int, social interaction; Tot, total; CSS, Calibrated Severity Scores; SCQ, Social Communication Questionnaire.