The association between suicide risk and self-esteem in Japanese university students with major depressive episodes of major depressive disorder

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic data

	HCs	MDEs without suicidal risk	MDEs with suicidal risk
N	15	15	15
Age, mean ± standard deviationa	20.9±1.9	21.7±2.4	22.3±3.3
Sex, female/maleb	5/10	4/11	7/8
Medical history of psychiatric disordersb	0	2	2
Family history of psychiatric disordersb	0	0	3
Family history of suicideb	0	1	1
History of suicide attemptb	0	1	1
Comorbidityc,*
PD	0	1	2
SAD	0	2	3
GAD	0	0	2
BN	0	1	1
BDI-II, #9, Suicidalityd,*
0	13	6	0
1	2	9	9
2	0	0	4
3	0	0	2

a Notes: ANOVA, ns;

b Fisher’s exact test, ns;

c Fisher’s exact test, P<0.05;

d Kruskal–Wallis test, P<0.01.

* Statistically significant. #9 refers to suicidal thoughts.

Abbreviations: HC, healthy control; MDE, major depressive episode group; PD, panic disorder; SAD, social anxiety disorder; GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; BN, bulimia nervosa; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory, edition two; ns, not significant.

Table 2 Comparison of depressive symptoms, psychological assessment score, neuropsychological test score and SF-36v2 score by ANOVA

	HCs (1)	MDEs without suicide risk (2)	MDEs with suicide risk (3)	F	P-value	Tukey’s HSD test
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)			(1) vs (3)	(1) vs (2)	(2) vs (3)
BDI-II	7.1 (5.7)	29.5 (7.0)	32.6 (8.0)	68.2	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	ns
BHS	7.1 (4.7)	14 (3.3)	14.4 (4.0)	15.3	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	ns
RSES	34.5 (7.8)	24.8 (6.9)	19.9 (5.4)	19.7	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	<0.05
JART50	107.1 (5.5)	109.3 (4.9)	112.7 (5.0)	3.7	<0.05	<0.05	ns	ns
WCST, CA	5.8 (0.4)	5.5 (0.5)	5.9 (0.4)	2.5	ns
AVLT, IR	5.6 (1.1)	6.0 (1.2)	5.8 (1.7)	0.6	ns
AVLT, DR	8.1 (1.2)	7.8 (1.6)	8.5 (1.5)	0.5	ns
Stroop	4.6 (2.7)	4.5 (3.4)	5.5 (4.0)	0.5	ns
TMT, A	54.8 (10.4)	64.6 (8.4)	61.2 (18.2)	3.5	<0.05	ns	<0.05	ns
TMT, B	58.9 (11.3)	73.0 (16.4)	63.8 (20.4)	3.7	<0.05	ns	<0.05	ns
WFT	29.1 (6.9)	30.8 (10.3)	32.8 (13.9)	0.6	ns
SF-36v2
PF	57.3 (1.9)	50.2 (7.3)	49.5 (8.0)	7.0	<0.01	<0.01	<0.05	ns
RP	45.5 (9.1)	31.6 (18.5)	31.6 (17.6)	4.7	0.001	<0.05	<0.05	ns
BP	47.8 (9.0)	49.1 (10.5)	47.3 (10.8)	0.0	ns
GH	53.1 (7.4)	43.6 (4.1)	43.4 (5.5)	13.3	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	ns
VT	48.5 (8.4)	30.1 (5.1)	29.1 (7.2)	36.6	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	ns
SF	50.6 (11.0)	34.1 (12.4)	27.6 (11.0)	20.6	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.05
RE	42.7 (15.3)	16.3 (6.3)	16.0 (9.7)	31.0	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	ns
MH	49.1 (8.4)	29.8 (4.2)	25.5 (7.2)	49.5	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	ns

Abbreviations: HC, healthy controls; MDE, major depressive episode; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory, edition two; BHS, Beck Hopelessness Scale; RSES, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale; JART, Japanese Adult Reading Test; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; CA, category achievement; AVLT, Auditory Verbal Learning Test; IR, immediate recall; DR, delayed recall; TMT, Trail Making Test; WFT, Word Fluency Test; SF-36v2, Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey version 2; PF, physical functioning; RP, role physical; BP, bodily pain; GH, general health; VT, vitality; SF, social functioning; RE, role emotional; MH, mental health; ANOVA, analysis of variance; HSD, honest significant difference; SD, standard deviation; vs, versus; ns, not significant.