Cerebral palsy in Al-Quseir City, Egypt: prevalence, subtypes, and risk factors

Figures & data

Table 1 Age, sex, subtypes, active epilepsy, radiological and IQ of subjects with cerebral palsy

Variables	Subject data
Age (mean ± standard deviation)	10.3±6.8
Sex (n, %)
Males	34 (66.7%)
Females	17 (33.3%)
Subtypes
• Spastic	37 (72.5%)
• Mixed	12 (23.5%)
• Ataxic	2 (3.9%)
Active epilepsy (n, %)	24 (47.1%)
Abnormal MRI findings (n, %)	27 (52.9%)
Total IQ (n, %)
Mentally retarded (≤67)	19 (37.3%)
Slow learners (68–78)	4 (7.8%)
Below average intelligent (79–88)	1 (2.0%)

Notes: Unless otherwise indicated, the data are expressed as the mean ± standard or number and percent. Spasticity include paraplegic (2 [3.9%]) hemiplegic (10 [19.6%]), and quadriplegic (25 [49%]) subtypes. IQ was only tested in 24 cases. Abnormal MRI findings refer to atrophic and white matter changes in the brain.

Abbreviations: IQ, intelligent quotient; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.

Table 2 Age-specific prevalence of cerebral palsy per 1,000 population for both sexes

Type of CP	Cases (prevalence per 1,000)	95% CI
CP in children (of 12,788)	46 (3.6)	2.6–4.6
Males (of 6,621)	29 (4.4)	2.8–5.97
Females (of 6,167)	17 (2.8)	1.4–4.1
CP in adults (of 13,056)	5 (0.4)
Males (of 6,286)	5 (0.8)	0.04–0.72
Females (of 6,770)	0	0.09–1.5

Notes: Values are shown as numbers of cases. Monte Carlo CIs are given at the 95% level.

Abbreviations: CP, cerebral palsy; CI, confidence interval.

Table 3 Maternal, prenatal, antenatal, and perinatal variables in children with CP and matched controls

	Cases n=51	Matched controls n=180	P-value
Prenatal complications	6 (11.8%)	14 (7.8%)	0.339
Cesarean section	6 (11.8%)	32 (17.8%)	0.394
Prolonged labor	4 (7.8%)	12 (6.6%)	0.758
Previous abortion	18 (35.3%)*	26 (14.4%)	0.002
Premature and low birth weight babies	18 (35.3%)*	18 (10%)	0.000
Neonatal seizures	8 (15.7%)*	5 (2.8%)	0.002
Jaundice	8 (15.7%)*	5 (2.8%)	0.002
Cyanosis of child at birth	11 (21.6%)	31 (17.2%)	0.538
Similar CP condition in family	4 (8.7%)	0	–
Consanguinous parents	10 (19.6%)	38 (21.1%)	1.000
Consanguinous paternal grandparents	10 (19.6%)	35 (19.4%)	1.000
Consanguinous maternal grandparents	10 (19.6%)	32 (17.8%)	0.837
Maternal age by year (mean ± SD)	27.9±7.5	27.8±5.99	0.817
Paternal age by year (mean ± SD)	36.76±10.117	34.33±9.31	0.131

Notes: Unless otherwise indicated, the data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number and percentage. Prenatal complications included toxemia of pregnancy, maternal medication, and exposure of mothers to radiation or trauma.

* P<0.05.

Abbreviations: CP, cerebral palsy; SD, standard deviation.

Table 4 Worldwide prevalence of cerebral palsy

	Place of study	Study cases (n)	Study year(s)	Prevalence rate per 1,000
El-Tallawy et al (present study)	Al-Quseir City, Egypt	12,788	2010–2011	3.6
El-Tallawy et al^Citation5	Al-Kharga District, Egypt	25,540	2007–2009	2.03
Park et al^Citation1	South Korea		2011	2.6
Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe^Citation22	Europe		2002	2.08
Andersen et al^Citation7	Norwegian		2006	2.10
Cans et al^Citation28	Northern Ireland		2002	2.26
Cans et al^Citation28	Scotland		2002	1.62
Stanley et al^Citation23	Developing countries		2000	1.5–5.6
Stanley et al^Citation23	Developed countries		2004	2.0–2.5
Al-Rajeh et al^Citation24	Saudi Arabia	202	1995	0.70

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