Investigation of health anxiety and its related factors in nursing students

Figures & data

Table 1 Main demographic variables among five grades of junior college students

Demographic variable	Junior college students					χ^2/F
	Grade 1 (N=369)	Grade 2 (N=475)	Grade 3 (N=298)	Grade 4 (N=446)	Grade 5 (N=498)
Mean age (SD), years	16.60 (0.71)	17.49 (0.78)	18.65 (0.88)	19.93 (0.75)	20.84 (0.80)	2,148.422***
Sex (female, %)	97.29	96.84	98.99	96.64	97.39	4.416
Only child (yes, %)	77.24	77.47	72.48	79.82	72.69	9.468*
Urban versus rural (urban, %)	68.56	65.26	59.06	60.76	48.59	43.976***

Notes:

* P<0.05

*** P<0.001.

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Comparisons of SHAI total scores and two subscale scores among five groups.

Notes: (A) SHAI total scores. SHAI total scores of grade 2 and grade 5 compared to other grades, respectively, *P<0.05; **P<0.01. (B) SHAI-IL scores. SHAI-IL scores of grade 2 compared to other grades *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. SHAI-IL scores of grade 3 compared to grade 5, ^#P<0.05. (C) SHAI-NC scores. SHAI-NC scores of grade 1 compared to other grades, *P<0.05; ***P<0.001. SHAI-NC scores of grade 2 compared to grade 5, ^#P<0.05.
Abbreviations: SHAI, Short Health Anxiety Inventory; SHAI-IL, SHAI Illness Likelihood subscale; SHAI-NC, SHAI Negative Consequences subscale.

Figure 2 Comparisons of CSLSS total scores and subscale scores among five groups.

Notes: (A) CSLSS total scores. CSLSS total scores of grade 5 compared to other grades, *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. (B) CSLSS-OS scores of grade 5 compared to other grades, *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. (C) CSLSS-SS scores of grade 5 compared to other grades, *P<0.05; **P<0.01.
Abbreviations: CSLSS, Life Satisfaction Scales Applicable to College Students; CSLSS-OS, CSLSS Objective Satisfaction subscale; CSLSS-SS, CSLSS Subjective Satisfaction subscale; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 3 Comparisons of EPQ scores among five grades.

Notes: (A) EPQ-E scores. EPQ-E scores of grade 2 compared to other groups, **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; EPQ-E scores of grade 3 compared to other grades, ^##P<0.01. (B) EPQ-P scores. EPQ-P scores of grade 1 compared to other grades, *P<0.05; ***P<0.001; EPQ-P scores of grade 2 compared to other grades, ^###P<0.001. (C) EPQ-N scores. EPQ-N scores of grade 1 compared to other grades, **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. EPQ-N scores of grade 2 compared to grade 4, ^##P<0.01. (D) EPQ-L scores. EPQ-L scores of grade 1 compared to grade 4, *P<0.05.
Abbreviations: EPQ, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire; EPQ-E, EPQ Extraversion subscale; EPQ-L, EPQ Truthfulness subscale; EPQ-N, EPQ Neuroticism subscale; EPQ-P, EQP Psychoticism subscale; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 4 Comparisons of TAS-20 total scores and subscale scores among five groups.

Notes: (A) TAS-20 total scores. TAS-20 total scores of grade 1, grade 2, and grade 5 compared to other grades, each ***P<0.001. (B) TAS-F1 scores of grade 1 compared to other grades, ***P<0.001; TAS-F1 scores of grade 2 compared to other grades, ^##P<0.01; ^###P<0.001. TAS-F1 scores of grade 4 compared to grade 5, ^$P<0.05. (C) TAS-F2 scores of grade 1 compared to other grades, **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; TAS-F2 scores of grade 2 compared to other grades, ^##P<0.01; ^###P<0.001. (D) TAS-F3 scores of grade 1 and grade 5 compared to other grades, each ***P<0.001.
Abbreviations: TAS-20, Toronto Alexithymia Scale; TAS-F1, difficulties identifying and distinguishing among feelings; TAS-F2, difficulties describing or communicating feelings; TAS-F3, externally oriented thinking.

Table 2 Pearson correlation coefficients between SHAI total and subscale scores with related measures

	SHAI total	SHAI-IL	SHAI-NC
SHAI-IL	0.946**	–	–
SHAI-NC	0.666**	0.413**	–
CSLSS total	−0.268**	−0.258**	−0.164**
CSLSS-OS	−0.237**	−0.230**	−0.142**
CSLSS-SS	−0.237**	−0.222**	−0.152**
EPQ-E	−0.039	−0.024	−0.061**
EPQ-P	0.100**	0.093**	0.049*
EPQ-N	0.176**	0.165**	0.123**
TAS-20 total	0.262**	0.255**	0.159**
TAS-F1	0.318**	0.309**	0.188**
TAS-F2	0.252**	0.241**	0.161**
TAS-F3	0.052**	0.054*	0.032

Notes:

* P<0.05

** P<0.01.

Abbreviations: SHAI, Short Health Anxiety Inventory; SHAI-IL, SHAI Illness Likelihood subscale; SHAI-NC, SHAI Negative Consequences subscale; CSLSS, Life Satisfaction Scales Applicable to College Students; CSLSS-OS, CSLSS Objective Satisfaction subscale; CSLSS-SS, CSLSS Subjective Satisfaction subscale; TAS-20, Toronto Alexithymia Scale; TAS-F1, difficulties identifying and distinguishing among feelings; TAS-F2, difficulties describing or communicating feelings; TAS-F3, externally oriented thinking; EPQ-E, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Extraversion subscale; EPQ-P, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Psychoticism subscale; EPQ-N, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Neuroticism subscale.

Table 3 Regression analysis examining predictors of SHAI total

Variable	B	SE B	β	t	Zero-order r	R^2	F
Step 1						0.004	2.787*
Age	−0.005	0.071	−0.002	−0.070	0.008
Only child (yes=1; no=2)	0.714	0.293	0.054	2.437*	0.059
Residence (urban=1; rural=2)	0.280	0.260	0.024	1.076	0.034
Step 2						0.082	36.964***
Age	0.070	0.069	0.022	1.018	0.008
Only child (yes=1; no=2)	0.583	0.282	0.044	2.070*	0.059
Residence (urban=1; rural=2)	0.268	0.250	0.023	1.072	0.034
CSLSS-OS	−0.272	0.039	−0.164	−7.002***	−0.237
CSLSS-SS	−0.748	0.106	−0.166	−7.085***	−0.237
Step 3						0.103	29.867***
Age	0.109	0.069	0.034	1.585	0.008
Only child (yes=1; no=2)	0.480	0.279	0.036	1.721	0.059
Residence (urban=1; rural=2)	0.243	0.248	0.021	0.979	0.034
CSLSS-OS	−0.246	0.039	−0.148	−6.340***	−0.237
CSLSS-SS	−0.688	0.105	−0.148	−6.359***	−0.237
EPQ-E	−0.012	0.012	−0.021	−0.990	−0.039
EPQ-P	0.026	0.011	0.052	2.458*	0.100
EPQ-N	0.036	0.006	0.135	6.348***	0.176
Step 4						0.169	38.301***
Age	0.148	0.072	0.046	2.056*	0.008
Only child (yes=1; no=2)	0.416	0.269	0.032	1.545	0.059
Residence (urban=1; rural=2)	0.185	0.240	0.016	0.771	0.034
CSLSS-OS	−0.198	0.038	−0.119	−5.249***	−0.237
CSLSS-SS	−0.588	0.102	−0.131	−5.249***	−0.237
EPQ-E	−0.005	0.011	−0.009	−0.419	−0.039
EPQ-P	0.015	0.010	0.031	1.495	0.100
EPQ-N	0.024	0.006	0.089	4.270***	0.176
TAS-F1	0.279	0.033	0.231	8.412***	0.318
TAS-F2	0.140	0.054	0.071	2.579**	0.252
TAS-F3	−0.094	0.032	−0.069	−2.952**	0.052

Notes:

*** P<0.001

** P<0.01

* P<0.05.

Abbreviations: SHAI, Short Health Anxiety Inventory; CSLSS-OS, Life Satisfaction Scales Applicable to College Students Objective Satisfaction subscale; CSLSS-SS, Life Satisfaction Scales Applicable to College Students Subjective Satisfaction subscale; EPQ-E, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Extraversion subscale; EPQ-P, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Psychoticism subscale; EPQ-N, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Neuroticism subscale; B, statistical variable in regression (coefficient); TAS, Toronto Alexithymia Scale; TAS-F1, difficulties identifying and distinguishing among feelings; TAS-F2, difficulties describing or communicating feelings; TAS-F3, externally oriented thinking.