The prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in elderly patients with recurrent depression

Figures & data

Figure 1 Prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder according to the BSD criteria and MDQ.

Abbreviations: (+), positive; (−), negative; BSD, bipolar spectrum disorder; MDQ, Mood Disorder Questionnaire.

Figure 2 Comparisons between MDQ positive and MDQ negative patients in relative frequencies of BSD criteria (C and D).

Note: *Indicates statistically significant.
Abbreviations: (+), positive; (−), negative; BSD, bipolar spectrum disorder; MDQ, Mood Disorder Questionnaire.

Table 1 Comparisons between BSD criteria positive/negative subjects and MDQ positive/negative subjects

	BSD			MDQ
	Positive (n=11)	Negative (n=54)	P-value	Positive (n=21)	Negative (n=44)	P-value
Age, years	64.3±4.1	63.8±3.4	0.660	64.2±3.3	63.7±3.6	0.536
Female	4 (36.4%)	35 (64.8%)	0.100	10 (47.6%)	29 (65.9%)	0.159
Age of onset of first episode, year	45 (24–65)	55 (23–67)	0.295	54 (24–65)	55 (23–67)	0.870
Duration of illness, years	21.3±12.6	13.5±11.0	0.040	17.7±12.9	13.4±10.7	0.161
At least 3 episodes of depression	8 (81.8%)	9 (14.8%)	<0.001	9 (42.9%)	8 (18.2%)	0.034
Previous suicidal attempt	2 (18.2%)	3 (5.6%)	0.196	2 (9.5%)	3 (6.8%)	0.655
Family history of mood disorder	2 (18.2%)	4 (7.4%)	0.266	3 (14.3%)	3 (6.8%)	0.379

Notes: Values are presented as number (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (range). Statistical significance is designated by bold type. BSD group was classified by the explicit criteria developed by Ghaemi et al.⁶

Abbreviations: BSD, bipolar spectrum disorder; MDQ, Mood Disorder Questionnaire.

GhaemiSNKoJYGoodwinFK“Cade’s disease” and beyond: misdiagnosis, antidepressant use, and a proposed definition for bipolar spectrum disorderCan J Psychiatry20024712513411926074

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