Clinical utility of the Chinese Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors questionnaire (SWAN) when compared with DISC-IV

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart of the recruitment process.

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; C, combined subtype; DISC-IV, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV; HI, hyperactivity– impulsivity subtype; IA, inattentive subtype; SWAN, Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors questionnaire.

Table 1 Spearman Correlation between SWAN subscales scores and the respective categorical DISC diagnosis in inattentive and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptom domains in male and female subjects

			DISC-IA criteria
Male	PSWAN-IA	Correlation coefficient	0.763**
		P-value	0.000
		N	139
	TSWAN-IA	Correlation coefficient	0.545**
		P-value	0.000
		N	132
Female	PSWAN-IA	Correlation coefficient	0.743**
		P-value	0.000
		N	150
	TSWAN-IA	Correlation coefficient	0.556**
		P-value	0.000
		N	145
			DISC-HI criteria
Male	PSWAN-HI	Correlation coefficient	0.714**
		P-value	0.000
		N	139
	TSWAN-HI	Correlation coefficient	0.466**
		P-value	0.000
		N	132
Female	PSWAN-HI	Correlation coefficient	0.746**
		P-value	0.000
		N	150
	TSWAN-HI	Correlation coefficient	0.518**
		P-value	0.000
		N	145

Note:

** Statistically significant at 0.01 level (two-tailed).

Abbreviations: DISC-HI, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV-hyperactivity–impulsivity criteria; DISC-IA, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV-inattentive criteria; PSWAN-HI, parent version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-hyperactivity–impulsivity subscale; PSWAN-IA, parent version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-inattentive subscale; TSWAN-HI, teacher version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-hyperactivity–impulsivity subscale; TSWAN-IA, teacher version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-inattentive subscale.

Table 2 Pearson’s correlation between SWAN subscale scores and the respective criterion and symptom counts of DISC-IA and DISC-HI in male and female subjects

			DISC-IA criterion count	DISC-IA symptom count
Male	PSWAN-IA	Correlation coefficient	0.795**	0.796**
		P-value	0.000	0.000
		N	139	139
	TSWAN-IA	Correlation coefficient	0.571**	0.564**
		P-value	0.000	0.000
		N	132	132
Female	PSWAN-IA	Correlation coefficient	0.716**	0.714**
		P-value	0.000	0.000
		N	150	150
	TSWAN-IA	Correlation coefficient	0.520**	0.516**
		P-value	0.000	0.000
		N	145	145
			DISC-HI criterion count	DISC-HI symptom count
Male	PSWAN-HI	Correlation coefficient	0.783**	0.785**
		P-value	0.000	0.000
		N	139	139
	TSWAN-HI	Correlation coefficient	0.550**	0.553**
		P-value	0.000	0.000
		N	132	132
Female	PSWAN-HI	Correlation coefficient	0.771**	0.777**
		P-value	0.000	0.000
		N	150	150
	TSWAN-HI	Correlation coefficient	0.563**	0.552**
		P-value	0.000	0.000
		N	145	145

Note:

** Statistically significant at 0.01 level (two-tailed).

Abbreviations: DISC-HI, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV-hyperactivity–impulsivity criteria; DISC-IA, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV-inattentive criteria; PSWAN-HI, parent version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-hyperactivity–impulsivity subscale; PSWAN-IA, parent version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-inattentive subscale; TSWAN-HI, teacher version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-hyperactivity–impulsivity subscale; TSWAN-IA, teacher version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-inattentive subscale.

Table 3 Mean SWAN subscale scores and AUC in male and female subjects

	Males						Females
	non-ADHD		ADHD		Effect sizes	AUC	non-ADHD		ADHD		Effect sizes	AUC
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD			Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Parent
SWAN-IA	0.04	0.65	1.50	0.64	2.26	0.94	0.08	0.78	1.48	0.72	1.87	0.94
SWAN-HI	−0.02	0.78	1.37	0.77	1.79	0.92	−0.19	0.80	1.16	0.97	1.52	0.95
Teacher
SWAN-IA	0.24	0.75	1.17	0.68	1.30	0.81	−0.22	1.08	0.97	0.76	1.27	0.83
SWAN-HI	−0.18	1.05	0.86	0.87	1.08	0.77	−0.81	1.10	0.39	1.10	1.09	0.81

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; AUC, area under the curve; SD, standard deviation; SWAN-HI, Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-hyperactivity–impulsivity subscale; SWAN-IA, Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-inattentive subscale.

Table 4 SWAN subscale cutoff score, SE, and SP in male and female subjects

	Cutoff score	SP (%)	SE (%)
Males
PSWAN-IA	0.72	84	95
PSWAN-HI	0.83	74	91
TSWAN-IA	0.61	70	87
TSWAN-HI	0.50	68	80
Females
PSWAN-IA	0.94	95	79
PSWAN-HI	0.61	78	96
TSWAN-IA	0.50	82	76
TSWAN-HI	0.17	72	81

Abbreviations: PSWAN-HI, parent version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-hyperactivity–impulsivity subscale; PSWAN-IA, parent version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-inattentive subscale; SE, sensitivity; SP, specificity; TSWAN-HI, teacher version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-hyperactivity–impulsivity subscale; TSWAN-IA, teacher version of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Symptoms and Normal-Behaviors-inattentive subscale.