The relationship between insight and subjective experience in schizophrenia

Figures & data

Table 1 Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder scores: means and standard deviation (SD)

	Mean (range)	SD
General items
Score on item 1: awareness of mental disorder
Current illness	1.8 (1–5)	1.1
Past illness	1.4 (1–5)	0.9
Score on item 2a: awareness of achieved effects of medication
Current illness	1.8 (1–5)	1.0
Past illness	1.9 (1–5)	1.1
Score on item 2b: awareness of need for medication
Current illness	1.7 (1–5)	1.0
Past illness	1.5 (1–5)	0.9
Score on item 3: awareness of social consequences of mental disorder
Current illness	1.5 (1–5)	1.0
Past illness	1.4 (1–5)	0.8
Subscale items
Awareness, total score
Current illness	3.0 (1–5)	1.4
Current positive symptoms	3.5 (1–5)	1.4
Current negative symptoms	2.8 (1–5)	1.6
Past illness	2.3 (1–5)	1.1
Past positive symptoms	2.4 (1–5)	1.4
Past negative symptoms	2.2 (1–5)	1.3
Attribution, total score
Current illness	3.2 (1–5)	1.4
Current positive symptoms	2.3 (1–5)	1.5
Current negative symptoms	3.6 (1–5)	1.3
Past illness	2.2 (1–5)	1.2
Past positive symptoms	1.6 (1–5)	0.9
Past negative symptoms	2.8 (1–5)	1.5

Table 2 Subjective experience measures: means and standard deviation (SD)

	Mean (range)	SD
SEDS	20.3 (0–56)	13.9
SWNS	76.0 (32–118)	17.3
SQLS	47.8 (3–93)	18.6
BDI	14.5 (0–44)	10.2
DAI–30	10.7 (-20 to 30)	12.6

Abbreviations: SEDS, Subjective Experience of Deficits in Schizophrenia; SWNS, Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic drug treatment Short form; SQLS, Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; DAI, Drug Attitude Inventory.

Table 3 Spearman’s rank correlations between subjective experience measures

	SEDS	SWNS	SQLS	BDI	DAI-30
SEDS		−0.69#	0.72#	0.64#	−0.24*
SWNS	−0.69#		−0.75#	−0.62#	0.17
SQLS	0.72#	−0.75#		0.77#	−0.32**
BDI	0.64#	−0.62#	0.77#		−0.23
DAI-30	−0.24*	0.17	−0.32**	−0.23

Notes:

* P<0.05

** P<0.01

# P<0.0025 (critical P-value after Bonferroni correction).

Abbreviations: SEDS, Subjective Experience of Deficits in Schizophrenia; SWNS, Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic drug treatment Short form; SQLS, Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; DAI, Drug Attitude Inventory.

Table 4 Partial correlations between the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder and subjective experience measures covarying for duration of illness and education

	Subjective experience measures
	SEDS	SWNS	SQLS	BDI	DAI-30
General items
Score on item 1: awareness of mental disorder
Current illness	−0.22	0.30*	−0.17	−0.23	−0.35**
Past illness	−0.11	0.20	−0.10	−0.10	−0.46#
Score on item 2a: awareness of achieved effects of medication
Current illness	0.10	−0.05	0.04	0.15	−0.45#
Past illness	−0.03	−0.02	0.06	0.10	−0.50#
Score on item 2b: awareness of need for medication
Current illness	−0.13	0.12	−0.07	−0.08	−0.57#
Past illness	−0.13	0.16	−0.05	−0.06	−0.63#
Score on item 3: awareness of social consequences of mental disorder
Current illness	−0.08	0.27*	−0.17	−0.05	−0.41#
Past illness	−0.13	0.20	−0.13	−0.09	−0.54#
Subscale items
Awareness, total score
Current illness	−0.68#	0.60#	−0.60#	−0.50#	0.08
Current positive symptoms	−0.55#	0.56#	−0.48**	−0.48**	−0.13
Current negative symptoms	−0.64#	0.57#	−0.57#	−0.45***	0.16
Past illness	−0.26*	0.25*	−0.17	−0.19	−0.38**
Past positive symptoms	−0.16	0.17	−0.14	−0.18	−0.38**
Past negative symptoms	−0.30*	0.33**	−0.21	−0.18	−0.29*
Attribution, total score
Current illness	−0.15	0.08	−0.05	−0.14	−0.12
Current positive symptoms	0.03	−0.01	0.16	0.07	−0.02
Current negative symptoms	−0.39*	0.36*	−0.38*	−0.36*	0.10
Past illness	0.05	−0.04	0.19	0.17	−0.42***
Past positive symptoms	0.04	−0.02	0.18	0.09	−0.33*
Past negative symptoms	−0.03	0.02	0.17	0.17	−0.32*

Notes:

* P<0.05

** P<0.01

*** P<0.001

# P<0.0005 (critical P-value after Bonferroni correction).

Abbreviations: SEDS, Subjective Experience of Deficits in Schizophrenia; SWNS, Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic drug treatment Short form; SQLS, Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; DAI, Drug Attitude Inventory.