Psychiatric comorbidities in patients with major depressive disorder

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic data of patients with major depressive disorder

Demographic and clinical characteristics	Mean ± SD or number (%)
	No comorbidities N=123	≥1 comorbidities N=67	Total N=190
Age (years)*	51.2±12.5	47.4±13.1	49.9±12.8
Sex
Male	26 (21.1%)	12 (17.9%)	38 (20%)
Female	97 (78.9%)	55 (82.1%)	152 (80%)
Marital status
Single	37 (30.1%)	21 (31.3%)	58 (30.5%)
Married or live together	72 (58.5%)	35 (52.2%)	107 (56.3%)
Divorced/separated/death of spouse	14 (11.4%)	11 (16.5%)	25 (13.2%)
Education
Never attend school	1 (0.8%)	2 (3%)	3 (1.6%)
Less than 12 years of education	30 (24.4%)	15 (22.4%)	45 (23.7%)
12 years of education or over	92 (74.8%)	50 (74.6%)	142 (74.7%)
Employment status
Unemployed	55 (44.7%)	18 (26.9%)	73 (38.4%)
Employed	68 (55.3%)	49 (73.1%)	117 (61.6%)
Age of onset (years)**	42.6±12.2	37.7±12.9	40.9±12.6
Illness duration (years)	8.6±6.9	9.6±10.1	9.0±8.1
MDD
Current	28 (22.8%)	21 (31.3%)	49 (25.8%)
Past	95 (77.2%)	46 (68.7%)	141 (74.2%)
Suicidal risk within past month***
Yes	31 (25.2%)	30 (44.8%)	61 (32.1%)
No	92 (74.8%)	37 (55.2%)	129 (67.9%)

Notes:

* P=0.049,

** P=0.01, and

*** P=0.006 were considered statistically significant.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; MDD, major depressive disorder.

Table 2 Psychiatric comorbidities and suicidal risk in patients with current MDD (n=49) and past MDD (n=141)

Comorbidity	Current MDD N (%)	Past MDD N (%)	P-value
Dysthymia	1 (2%)	36 (25.5%)	<0.001*
Current panic disorder	0 (0%)	1 (0.7%)	1.000
Past panic disorder	7 (14.3%)	6 (4.3%)	0.017*
Agoraphobia	5 (10.2%)	6 (4.3%)	0.125
Social phobia	4 (8.2%)	3 (2.1%)	0.053
OCD	7 (14.3%)	2 (1.4%)	<0.001*
PTSD	3 (6.1%)	5 (3.5%)	0.439
Alcohol dependence	1 (2%)	0 (0%)	1.000
Psychotic disorders	6 (12.1%)	6 (4.3%)	0.048*
Generalized anxiety disorder	1 (2%)	9 (6.4%)	0.457
Antisocial personality disorder	1 (2%)	1 (0.7%)	0.450
None	28 (57.1%)	95 (67.4%)	0.197
Suicidal risk
Low	16 (32.6%)	22 (15.6%)	<0.001*
Medium	4 (8.2%)	4 (2.8%)
High	8 (16.3%)	7 (5.0%)

Note:

* P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Abbreviations: MDD, major depressive disorder; OCD, obsessive–compulsive disorder; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.

Table 3 Suicidal risk and psychiatric comorbidity

Psychiatric comorbidity	Suicidal risk, N (%)		P-value
	Negative (N=129)	Positive (N=61)
Dysthymia (n=37)	23 (17.8%)	14 (23.0%)	0.405
Any anxiety disorder (n=40)	21 (16.3%)	19 (31.3%)	0.019*
Panic disorder (n=13)	6 (4.7%)	7 (11.5%)	0.082
Agoraphobia (n=11)	7 (5.4%)	4 (6.6%)	0.748
Social phobia (n=7)	3 (2.3%)	4 (6.6%)	0.214
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (n=9)	7 (5.4%)	2 (3.3%)	0.721
Generalized anxiety disorder (n=10)	4 (3.1%)	6 (9.8%)	0.078
Post-traumatic stress disorder (n=8)	3 (2.3%)	5 (8.2%)	0.114
Alcohol use disorder (n=1)	0 (0%)	1 (1.6%)	0.321
Psychotic disorder (n=12)	4 (3.1%)	8 (13.1%)	0.032*
Antisocial personality disorder (n=2)	1 (0.8%)	1 (1.6%)	0.54

Note:

* P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.