Connectivity pattern differences bilaterally in the cerebellum posterior lobe in healthy subjects after normal sleep and sleep deprivation: a resting-state functional MRI study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) areas of the cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL) in the normal sleep group.

Notes: The rsFC areas of the left CPL were seen in the left precuneus, right inferior parietal lobule, bilaterally in the CPL, bilaterally in the superior frontal gyrus, and bilaterally in the middle frontal gyrus (A), while the rsFC areas of the right CPL were seen in the left middle frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate, left angular gyrus, right posterior cingulate, right inferior parietal lobule, right cerebellum anterior lobe, right CPL, bilaterally in the superior frontal gyrus, bilaterally in the middle temporal gyrus, bilaterally in the inferior temporal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus (B).

Table 1 Altered resting-state functional connectivity areas of the left cerebellum posterior lobe after normal sleep

Brain	R/L	Voxels	MNI
			X	Y	Z
Positive correlation
Cerebellum posterior lobe	L	315	−48	−66	−33
Cerebellum posterior lobe	R	130	42	−54	−42
Cerebellum posterior lobe	R	49	30	−81	−30
Cerebellum posterior lobe	L	34	−30	−87	−27
Superior frontal gyrus	R	13	33	57	0
Superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus	L	27	−24	60	6
Superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus	R	22	27	57	33
Superior frontal gyrus	L	18	−27	48	30
Negative correlation
Precuneus	L	41	−18	−75	36
Inferior parietal lobule	R	25	36	−48	54

Note: A significance level of P<0.001 for individual voxels and a continuous voxel size ≥13 were used to determine statistical significance, corrected for AlphaSim.

Abbreviations: R, right; L, left; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute.

Table 2 Altered resting-state functional connectivity areas of the right cerebellum posterior lobe after normal sleep

Brain	R/L	Voxels	MNI
			X	Y	Z
Positive correlation
Cerebellum posterior lobe	R	759	15	−75	−45
Cerebellum anterior lobe, cerebellum posterior lobe	R	41	30	−48	−33
Cerebellum anterior lobe	R	17	9	−39	−30
Middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus	L	21	−51	−66	−6
Negative correlation
Superior temporal gyrus	L	15	−45	12	−36
Middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus	R	18	60	3	−27
Middle frontal gyrus	L	15	−6	54	6
Posterior cingulate	R	37	6	−57	18
Superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, angular gyrus	L	54	−57	−60	18
Inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus	R	100	42	−48	27
Superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus	L	37	−39	−57	27
Anterior cingulate	L	18	−3	6	9

Note: A significance level of P<0.001 for individual voxels and a continuous voxel size ≥13 were used to determine statistical significance, corrected for AlphaSim.

Abbreviations: R, right; L, left; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute.

Figure 2 Altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) areas of the cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL) in the sleep deprivation group.

Notes: The rsFC areas of the left CPL were seen in the left precentral gyrus, left angular gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, left superior parietal lobule, left inferior parietal lobule, left postcentral gyrus, left precuneus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and bilaterally in the CPL (A), while the rsFC areas of the right CPL were seen in the left superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left paracentral lobule, left superior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, bilaterally in the cerebellum anterior lobe, and bilaterally in the CPL (B).

Table 3 Altered resting-state functional connectivity areas of the left cerebellum posterior lobe after sleep deprivation

Brain	R/L	Voxels	MNI
			X	Y	Z
Positive correlation
Cerebellum posterior lobe	L	242	−57	−63	−36
Cerebellum posterior lobe	R	70	45	−69	−30
Cerebellum posterior lobe	L	22	−3	−69	−21
Posterior cingulate gyrus	L	18	0	−42	27
Negative correlation
Angular gyrus, precuneus	L	20	−33	−75	30
Precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus	L	24	−51	0	24
Postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobule	L	52	−51	−33	39
Superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule	L	65	−27	−45	48
Middle frontal gyrus	R	16	27	3	51

Note: A significance level of P<0.001 for individual voxels and a continuous voxel size ≥13 were used to determine statistical significance, corrected for AlphaSim.

Abbreviations: R, right; L, left; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute.

Table 4 Altered resting-state functional connectivity areas of the right cerebellum posterior lobe after sleep deprivation

Brain	R/L	Voxels	MNI
			X	Y	Z
Positive correlation
Cerebellum anterior lobe	L	23	−15	−51	−27
Cerebellum posterior lobe	L	38	−24	−39	−48
Cerebellum anterior lobe, cerebellum posterior lobe	R	1,027	21	−69	−54
Cerebellum anterior lobe, cerebellum posterior lobe	R	107	6	−66	−18
Negative correlation
Medial frontal gyrus, paracentral lobule, superior temporal gyrus	L	28	0	−21	72
Superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus	L	13	−57	−12	−3

Note: A significance level of P<0.001 for individual voxels and a continuous voxel size ≥13 were used to determine statistical significance, corrected for AlphaSim.

Abbreviations: R, right; L, left; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute.

Figure 3 Altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) areas of the cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL) in the sleep deprivation group compared with in the normal sleep group.

Notes: The rsFC areas of the left CPL were seen in the left middle frontal gyrus, right fusiform temporal gyrus, right cingulate gyrus, right thalamus, bilaterally in the superior frontal gyrus, bilaterally in the inferior frontal gyrus, bilaterally in the precuneus (A), while the rsFC areas of the right CPL were seen in the left precentral gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, bilaterally in the superior frontal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus (B).

Table 5 Altered resting-state functional connectivity regions of the left cerebellum posterior lobe after sleep deprivation versus normal sleep

Brain	R/L	Voxels	MNI
			X	Y	Z
Increased areas
Inferior frontal gyrus	R	32	54	33	12
Fusiform gyrus	R	10	48	−42	−18
Precuneus	L	11	−18	−75	36
Cingulate gyrus, precuneus	R	14	15	−39	36
Thalamus	R	11	18	−33	9
Reduced areas
Superior frontal gyrus	R	26	18	48	33
Superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus	L	24	−30	51	3
Middle frontal gyrus	L	13	−33	33	45

Note: A significance level of P<0.001 for individual voxels and a continuous voxel size ≥10 were used to determine statistical significance, corrected for AlphaSim.

Abbreviations: R, right; L, left; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute.

Table 6 Altered resting-state functional connectivity regions of the right cerebellum posterior lobe after sleep deprivation versus normal sleep

Brain	R/L	Voxels	MNI
			X	Y	Z
Increased areas
Superior frontal gyrus	L	31	−15	51	−15
Reduced areas
Superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus	R	29	12	3	69
Superior temporal gyrus	R	13	42	15	−18
Inferior frontal gyrus	L	11	−42	3	21
Middle frontal gyrus	L	24	−27	9	24
Middle frontal gyrus	R	11	30	36	30
Superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus	L	79	−27	−3	57
Precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus	L	11	−42	−6	54
Precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus	L	118	−15	−21	75
Superior frontal gyrus	R	19	12	3	69

Note: A significance level of P<0.001 for individual voxels and a continuous voxel size ≥10 were used to determine statistical significance, corrected for AlphaSim.

Abbreviations: R, right; L, left; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute.