Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, risky behaviors, and motorcycle injuries: a case-control study

Figures & data

Table 1 Multivariate binary logistic analysis of the potential determinants of motorcycle traffic injuries

Determinants	OR	P-value	95% CI
Model 1 Determinants excluding the psychiatric and risky riding behavior variables
Riding just for fun	1.850219	0.054	0.98846	3.46327
Academic education	0.377645	0.001	0.20838	0.68439
Income group
<5,000,000 IRR	Reference group
5,000,000–10,000,000 IRR	0.484747	0.006	0.28887	0.81342
10,000,000–15,000,000 IRR	0.393120	0.011	0.19135	0.80763
15,000,000–20,000,000 IRR	0.330615	0.186	0.06400	1.70768
>20,000,000 IRR	0.232304	0.089	0.04318	1.24959
Married	1.591384	0.034	1.03642	2.44349
Daily riding amount
Driving ≤1 hour a day	Reference group
Driving >1 and ≤3 hours a day	0.7647993	0.27	0.47502	1.23134
Driving >3 hours a day	0.487953	0.026	0.25986	0.91625
Model 2 ADHD scale as the main exposure of interest
PCAARS-S:SV ADHD index	0.9219077	0.001	0.87857	0.967383
Academic education	0.4199497	0.018	0.205294	0.859051
Income group
<5,000,000 IRR	Reference group
5,000,000–10,000,000 IRR	0.4557293	0.015	0.241352	0.860523
10,000,000–15,000,000 IRR	0.3244573	0.01	0.13725	0.767014
15,000,000–20,000,000 IRR	0.2690947	0.118	0.051945	1.394009
>20,000,000 IRR	0.23222	0.24	0.01964	2.74544
Model 3 Subtypes of ADHD scale as the main exposure
Subscale A PCAARS-S:SV	0.7583469	0.001	0.69395	0.82871
Subscale B PCAARS-S:SV	1.132599	0.003	1.04260	1.23036
Academic education	0.4019177	0.027	0.17916	0.90162
Income group
<5,000,000 IRR	Reference group
5,000,000–10,000,000 IRR	0.3411341	0.002	0.171282	0.679421
10,000,000–15,000,000 IRR	0.2873732	0.01	0.11075	0.74567
15,000,000–20,000,000 IRR	0.2479655	0.147	0.03769	1.63140
>20,000,000 IRR	0.1495731	0.165	0.01020	2.19234
Riding just for fun	2.222954	0.04	1.03902	4.75594
Model 4 Motorcycle riding behavior scale as the main exposure of interest
Normalized riding behavior score	1.215413	0.031	1.017894	1.451258
Academic education	0.4003091	0.003	0.220126	0.727982
Income group
<5,000,000 IRR	Reference group
5,000,000–10,000,000 IRR	0.515724	0.012	0.306797	0.866928
10,000,000–15,000,000 IRR	0.3479656	0.004	0.169973	0.712349
15,000,000–20,000,000 IRR	0.3231123	0.169	0.064608	1.615926
>20,000,000 IRR	0.3229615	0.24	0.04901	2.128213
Riding just for fun	1.957745	0.036	1.043736	3.67216

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; CI, confidence interval; IRR, Iranian Rial; OR, odds ratio; PCAARS-S:SV, Persian version of Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scales (the self-report short version).