The differences in temperament–character traits, suicide attempts, impulsivity, and functionality levels of patients with bipolar disorder I and II

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and controls

	Patient (N=101)	ControlSociodemographic characteristics(N=50)	Statistic
			χ^2	P-value
Age (mean ± SD)	35.69±12.10	32.00±9.24	1.89	0.06*
Sex
Male	71 (70.3)	30 (60.0)	1.60	0.20*
Female	30 (29.7)	20 (40.0)
Educational status
Primary school	34 (33.6)	8 (16.0)
High school	32 (31.7)	15 (30.0)	5.40	0.06*
University	35 (34.7)	27 (54.0)
Marital status
Married	41 (40.6)	18 (36.0)
Single	60 (59.4)	32 (64.0)	1.60	0.20*
Occupational status
Employed	67 (66.3)	30 (60.0)
Unemployed	27 (26.7)	10 (20.0)	10.94	0.06*
Student	7 (6.90)	10 (20.0)

Notes:

* P>0.05. Data presented as number (%).

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Comparison of suicide attempt rates of patients with BD-I and BD-II

	The group of patients with BD-I (N=52)	The group of patients with BD-II (N=49)	Statistic
			χ^2	P-value*
Suicide attempt (+),(N, %)	23 (60.52)	15 (39.47)
Suicide attempt (−),(N, %)	29 (46.03)	34 (53.96)	1.70	0.019

Note:

* P<0.05.

Abbreviations: BD-I, bipolar disorder I; BD-II, bipolar disorder II.

Table 3 Comparison of TCI scores of patients with BD-I, BD-II, and healthy controls

	BD-I (N=52)	BD-II (N=49)	Controls (N=50)	Statistics
				Fa	P-value
Novelty seeking
NS1	6.06±1.76	5.31±2.11	6.34±2.03	6.17	0.04*
NS2	4.88±2.02	4.22±2.00	3.14±1.97	16.32	0.00*
NS3	5.48±2.35	4.46±2.34	4.88±1.49	3.68	0.15
NS4	4.09±1.89	4.24±1.92	4.24±1.66	0.37	0.82
Total	20.51±8.02	18.23±8.37	18.60±4.83	0.82	0.71
Harm avoidance
HA1	6.18±2.32	5.09±2.44	5.02±2.05	5.20	0.07
HA2	3.75±1.81	3.72±1.54	3.64±1.50	0.39	0.81
HA3	3.42±2.35	2.81±2.25	3.08±1.38	1.51	0.46
HA4	4.65±2.33	4.26±1.91	3.48±1.52	6.83	0.03*
Total	18.00±8.81	15.88±8.14	15.22±3.72	2.73	0.24
Reward dependence
RD1	6.68±2.16	7.47±1.72	7.37±1.66	3.11	0.21
RD2	4.92±1.79	4.21±1.65	3.85±1.68	8.80	0.01*
RD3	2.80±1.30	2.45±1.20	2.27±1.30	4.41	0.11
Total	14.40±3.69	14.15±3.08	13.56±2.66	1.99	0.36
Persistence
P	4.81±1.86	5.41±2.53	5.16±1.85	0.82	0.66
Self-directedness
SD1	4.19±1.86	4.24±2.27	5.58±1.73	11.72	0.03*
SD2	4.86±1.58	5.25±1.75	6.58±1.57	23.50	0.00*
SD3	2.66±1.39	2.88±1.56	3.78±1.09	14.64	0.00*
SD4	5.24±2.81	5.53±2.23	5.76±2.55	0.75	0.68
SD5	6.45±2.06	6.61±2.38	8.40±1.93	19.97	0.00*
Total	22.77±7.43	24.72±8.16	30.10±6.22	17.55	0.00*
Cooperativeness
C1	5.29±2.00	6.03±1.51	6.46±1.40	7.36	0.02*
C2	3.93±1.22	4.16±1.26	4.70±1.32	6.68	0.03*
C3	4.34±1.45	5.00±1.23	5.48±1.18	13.13	0.00*
C4	6.29±2.54	7.75±1.64	6.82±1.99	6.11	0.04*
C5	6.42±1.58	6.51±1.73	7.54±1.03	12.69	0.00*
Total	26.27±8.79	29.45±7.37	31.00±4.12	6.83	0.00*
Self-transcendence
ST1	6.30±2.76	7.03±2.61	5.26±2.34	8.91	0.00*
ST2	5.23±2.14	6.00±2.25	4.06±1.95	15.66	0.00*
ST3	7.06±2.66	8.29±2.97	7.30±3.11	3.40	0.18
Total	18.59±7.98	21.32±7.83	16.62±6.03	8.43	0.00*

Notes: F, ANOVA test value.

a Post hoc assessment Tukey test.

* P<0.05. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: BD-I, bipolar disorder I; BD-II, bipolar disorder II; ANOVA, analysis of variance; TCI, temperament and character inventory.

Table 4 Comparison of impulsivity in patients with BD-I and BD-II

BIS-11	Patients with BD-I (mean ± SD)	Patients with BD-II (mean ± SD)	Controls	Statistics
				Fa	P-value
Total	70.80±23.24	65.27±12.32	57.08±9.56	22.17	0.00*
Nonplanned	30.69±27.59	25.02±4.92	22.66±3.77	23.88	0.00*
Motor	23.00±5.36	22.85±6.43	18.82±4.66	21.04	0.00*
Attentional	17.11±4.25	17.40±4.87	14.38±3.12	15.31	0.00*

Notes: F, ANOVA test value.

a Post hoc assessment Tukey test.

* P<0.05.

Abbreviations: BD-I, bipolar disorder I; BD-II, bipolar disorder II; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BIS-11, Barrett Impulsiveness Scale-11.

Table 5 Comparison of functioning in patients with BD-I and BD-II

BDFQ	BD-I (N=52)	BD-II (N=49)	Statistics
			t	P-value
Emotional functioning	3.62±1.13	3.85±1.09	−0.9	0.52
Intellectual functioning	4.51±1.07	4.22±1.04	1.22	0.13
Sexual functioning	3.76±1.96	3.97±2.09	−0.46	0.68
Feelings of stigmatization	3.19±2.23	3.44±2.32	−0.5	0.56
Social withdrawal	2.88±1.61	3.68±1.56	−2.26	0.03*
Household relations	6.16±2.89	6.42±3.08	−0.38	0.86
Relations with friends	4.90±2.46	6.75±2.45	−3.39	0.02*
Participation to social activities	7.47±3.50	9.20±4.39	−1.97	0.04*
Daily activities and hobbies	4.34±2.24	6.35±3.70	−2.96	0.01**
Taking initiative and self sufficiency	2.62±1.44	1.67±1.87	2.22	0.03*
Occupation	4.42±1.48	5.16±1.67	−2.03	0.01**

Note:

* P<0.05,

** P<0.01.

Abbreviations: BDFQ, Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire; BD-I, bipolar disorder I; BD-II, bipolar disorder II; SD, standard deviation.