Confirmation of the factorial structure of the Japanese short version of the TEMPS-A in psychiatric patients and general adults

Figures & data

Figure 1 CFA of the 39-item TEMPS-A by structural equation modeling in mental disorder patients and general adults.

Abbreviations: CFA, confirmatory factor analysis; Cyc, cyclothymic; Dep, depressive; Hyp, hyperthymic; Anx, anxious; Irr, irritable; TEMPS-A, Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire; GFI, goodness-of-fit index; AGFI, adjusted goodness-of-fit index; CFI, comparative fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation.

Table 1 Demographic characteristics and the 39-item TEMPS-A data of subjects

	Patients			General adults (n=61)	Total subjects (n=381)
	BP (n=92)	MDD (n=139)	Others (n=89)
Female	48 (52.2)	79 (56.8)	48 (53.9)	10 (16.4)	185 (48.6)
Age (years)	43.1±13.1	44.4±16.9	42.5±18.1	40.1±10.9	42.9±15.5
Affective temperament scores of 39-item TEMPS-A
Cyclothymic	1.46±0.28	1.28±0.23*	1.37±0.30	1.13±0.16	1.32±0.27
Depressive	1.38±0.26	1.36±0.28	1.45±0.31	1.16±0.21	1.36±0.29
Irritable	1.26±0.26	1.12±0.16#	1.21±0.26	1.11±0.15	1.17±0.22
Hyperthymic	1.29±0.28†	1.16±0.22	1.20±0.23	1.20±0.17	1.21±0.23
Anxious	1.33±0.36	1.37±0.36	1.35±0.36	1.19±0.27	1.33±0.35

Notes: Data presented as mean ± SD or numbers (percentages).

* BP vs MDD, P<0.0001;

# BP vs MDD, P<0.0001 and MDD vs others, P=0.0044;

† BP vs MDD, P=0.0002 and BP vs others, P=0.0266.

Abbreviations: TEMPS-A, Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire; BP, bipolar disorder; MDD, major depressive disorder; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Principal factor analysis with varimax rotation of the 39-item TEMPS-A

	Eigen value	Percentage of variance explained	Cumulative percentage
Factor 1	3.825	9.808	9.808
Factor 2	2.638	6.765	16.573
Factor 3	2.619	6.715	23.287
Factor 4	2.521	6.465	29.752
Factor 5	1.433	3.673	33.426

Note: All loadings and the explained variance by each factor.

Abbreviation: TEMPS-A, Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire.

Figure 2 CFA by structural equation modeling of the 18-item TEMPS-A, which was extracted from the 39-item TEMPS-A by EFA in mental disorder patients and general adults.

Abbreviations: CFA, confirmatory factor analysis; Cyc, cyclothymic; Dep, depressive; Hyp, hyperthymic; Anx, anxious; Irr, irritable; TEMPS-A, Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire; EFA, exploratory factor analysis; GFI, goodness-of-fit index; AGFI, adjusted goodness-of-fit index; CFI, comparative fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation.

Table 3 Principal factor analysis with varimax rotation of the 39-item TEMPS-A

Item	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4	Factor 5
2. I constantly switch between being lively and sluggish.	0.671	0.156	0.061	0.119	0.085
5. My mood often changes for no reason.	0.620	0.018	0.219	0.261	0.075
3. I get sudden shifts in mood and energy.	0.607	0.142	0.091	0.196	0.083
1. My ability to think varies greatly from sharp to dull for no apparent reason.	0.561	0.063	0.107	0.224	0.053
8. I go back and forth between feeling overconfident and feeling unsure of myself.	0.561	0.194	0.019	0.133	0.050
6. I go back and forth between being outgoing and being withdrawn from others.	0.515	0.180	0.164	0.203	0.038
31. I love to tackle new projects, even if risky.	0.097	0.641	−0.105	0.120	−0.043
30. I often get many great ideas.	0.190	0.605	−0.039	0.126	−0.016
29. I have a gift for speech, convincing, and inspiring to others.	0.104	0.567	0.073	0.071	−0.009
14. I am the kind of person who doubts everything.	0.080	0.124	0.632	0.100	0.077
15. I am a very skeptical person.	0.144	0.032	0.626	0.163	−0.013
13. People tell me I am unable to see the lighter side of things.	0.126	−0.180	0.540	0.151	0.154
22. I can get so furious that I could hurt someone.	0.211	0.089	0.051	0.673	0.050
26. When angry, I snap at people.	0.170	0.130	0.121	0.612	0.066
23. I often get so mad that I will just trash everything.	0.279	0.019	0.184	0.566	0.054
24. When crossed, I could get into a fight.	0.215	0.167	0.086	0.550	0.039
37. I am often fearful of someone in my family coming down with a serious disease.	0.126	0.049	0.179	0.042	0.711
39. When someone is late coming home, I fear they may have had an accident.	0.061	0.091	0.062	0.087	0.648

Notes: Loadings with values greater than 0.5 are shown. Item numbers indicate the item order on the English short version of the TEMPS-A.⁴

Abbreviation: TEMPS-A, Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire.

Table 4 Internal consistency of temperament subscales of the 18-item TEMPS-A in all subjects (N=381)

Temperament	Cronbach’s α	Items
Cyclothymic	0.819	1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8
Depressive	0.697	13, 14, 15
Irritable	0.758	22, 23, 24, 26
Hyperthymic	0.692	29, 30, 31
Anxious	0.672	37, 39

Abbreviation: TEMPS-A, Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire.

AkiskalHSMendlowiczMVJean-LouisGTEMPS-A: validation of a short version of a self-rated instrument designed to measure variations in temperamentJ Affect Disord200585455215780675

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