The Magnitude of Turnover Intention and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working at Governmental Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia: A Mixed-Method Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sample Size Calculation Using Epi Info Version 7.2.4.0 Software Based on Associated Factors with Turnover Intention Among Nurses Working in Government Hospitals of Wolaita Zone, 2022

Factors	Power	Ratio	CI (95%)	Outcomes in %		AOR	Sample Size	Reference
				Unexposed	Exposed
Autonomy	80%	1:1	95	15.5	3.5	0.2	220	[3]
Training	80%	1:1	95	47.3	69.6	2.55	170	[14]
Recognition	80%	1:1	95	59.7	87.7	4.83	90	[16]
Educational status	80%	1:1	95	11.8	38.6	4.7	96	[3]

Table 2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Nurses Working in Government Hospitals of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, May to June 2022 (n=384)

Variable Name		Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Sex	Male	225	58.6
	Female	159	41.4
Age in years	20–29 years	166	43.2
	30–39 years	131	34.1
	>40 years	87	22.7
Marital status	Single	124	32.3
	Married	260	67.7
Educational status	Diploma	125	32.6
	First degree	207	53.9
	Second degree and above	52	13.5
Family arrangement	Live with family	294	76.6
	Live without family	90	23.4
Professional category	General/comprehensive nurse	157	40.9
	Emergency Nurse	87	22.7
	Surgical and operation theatre nurse	46	12.0
	Pediatric nurse	48	12.5
	Adult health nurse	28	7.3
	Others	18	4.7
Level of hospital	Referral hospital	155	40.4
	Primary hospital	229	59.6
Working unit/Ward	Medical ward	84	21.9
	Surgical ward	72	18.8
	Emergency ward	65	16.9
	Pediatric ward	53	13.8
	Outpatient department	41	10.7
	Orthopedics ward	31	8.0
	Others	38	9.9
Experience	Less than 2 years	38	9.9
	2–4 years	163	42.4
	5 years and above	183	47.7
Monthly salary	≤4085 ETB	65	16.9
	4086–5294 ETB	75	19.6
	≥5295 ETB	244	63.5
Having dependent family	Yes	270	70.3
	No	114	29.7
Having children <18 years	Yes	204	53.1
	No	180	46.9
Having a close workmate leave the workplace	Yes	138	35.9
	No	246	64.1

Abbreviation: ETB, Ethiopian Birr.

Table 3 Responses for Turnover Intention Items Among Nurses Working in Government Hospitals in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, May 2022

Values	Item One	Item 2	Item Three
	Thinking About Leaving Current Organizations n (%)	Actively Searching for an Alternative to This Organization n (%)	Leaving Current Organization as Soon as Possible if Better Options Exist n (%)
Strongly disagree	80 (20.8)	50 (13.0)	57 (14.8)
Disagree	135 (35.2)	117 (30.5)	92 (24)
Neutral	94 (24.5)	116 (30.2)	125 (32.6)
Agree	46 (12.0)	77 (20.1)	68 (17.7)
Strongly agree	29 (7.6)	24 (6.3)	42 (10.9)

Table 4 Job Satisfaction Factors Among Nurses Working in Government Hospitals of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, May 2022

Variables		Frequency (n)	Percentages (%)	Mean (SD)
Autonomy	Satisfied	132	34.4	15.27 (2.59)
	Unsatisfied	252	65.6	9.45 (1.71)
Professional opportunities	Satisfied	260	67.7	14.63 (2.18)
	Unsatisfied	124	32.3	9.02 (2.02)
Scheduling	Satisfied	240	62.5	18.48 (2.74)
	Unsatisfied	144	37.5	11.14 (2.45)
Supervisor support	Satisfied	272	70.8	7.27 (1.24)
	Unsatisfied	112	29.2	3.96 (1.05)
Enjoyment	Satisfied	225	58.6	25.66 (3.77)
	Unsatisfied	159	41.4	16.01 (3.39)
Payment and benefits	Satisfied	151	39.3	15.48 (2.48)
	Unsatisfied	233	60.7	8.67 (2.24)
Coworkers relationships	Satisfied	343	89.3	11.37 (1.83)
	Unsatisfied	41	10.7	5.67 (2.51)
Performance appraisal	Satisfied	223	58.1	11.14 (1.75)
	Unsatisfied	161	41.9	6.13 (1.42)
Workload	Satisfied	315	82.0	14.47 (2.04)
	Unsatisfied	69	18.0	8.46 (2.02)
Working environment	Satisfied	214	55.7	11.41 (1.91)
	Unsatisfied	170	44.3	6.18 (1.49)
Recognition and rewards	Satisfied	258	67.2	11.49 (1.92)
	Unsatisfied	126	32.8	6.65 (1.35)
Training opportunities	Satisfied	220	57.3	7.25 (1.19)
	Unsatisfied	164	42.7	4.07 (0.93)
Job security	Satisfied	231	60.2	7.32 (1.19)
	Unsatisfied	153	39.8	4.07 (0.91)
Working shifts	Satisfied	263	68.5	7.52 (1.35)
	Unsatisfied	121	31.5	3.82 (1.13)

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviations.

Table 5 Organizational Commitment Factors Among Nurses Working in Government Hospitals of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, May 2022

Variables		Frequency (n)	Percentages	Mean (SD)
Affective commitment	High	292	76.0	10.64 (1.78)
	Low	92	24.0	6.23 (1.56)
Normative commitment	High	253	65.9	10.99 (2.02)
	Low	131	34.1	6.02 (1.73)
Continuance commitment	High	195	50.8	10.95 (2.08)
	Low	189	49.2	5.80 (1.67)

Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.

Table 6 Personal Factors Among Nurses Working in Government Hospitals of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, May 2022

Variables		Frequency (n)	Percentages (%)
Moving with spouse or family	Yes	114	29.7
	No	270	70.3
Continue education by one’s expense	Yes	231	60.2
	No	153	39.8
Accepting offers from other organizations	Yes	75	19.5
	No	309	80.5
Low back pain	Yes	166	43.2
	No	218	56.8

Table 7 Bivariable and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis on Factors Associated with Nurses’ Turnover Intention in Government Hospitals of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2022 (n=384)

Variables	Turnover Intention		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	p-value
	Yes n (%)	No n (%)
Sex
Male	82 (36.4)	143 (63.6)	0.711 (0.47–1.08)	0.809 (0.49–1.34)	0.408
Female	71 (44.7)	88 (55.3)	1	1
Educational status
Diploma	62 (49.6)	63 (50.4)	2.428 (1.21–4.86)	1.426 (0.49–4.09)	0.510
First degree	76 (36.7)	131 (63.3)	1.431 (0.74–2.78)	1.248 (0.54–2.86)	0.600
Second degree and above	15 (28.8)	37 (71.2)	1	1
Family arrangement
Live with family	110 (37.4)	184 (62.6)	1	1
Live without family	43 (47.8)	47 (52.2)	1.530 (0.95–2.46)	1.200 (0.68–2.12)	0.531
Work experience
<2 years	18 (47.4)	20 (52.6)	1.714 (0.85–3.47)	0.989 (0.38–2.58)	0.982
2–4 years	72 (44.2)	91 (55.8)	1.507 (0.98–2.33)	1.001 (0.57–1.75)	0.996
>5 years	63 (34.4)	120 (65.6)	1	1
Monthly salary
<4085 ETB	36 (55.4)	29 (44.6)	2.201 (1.26–3.83)	1.449 (0.53–3.94)	0.468
4086–5294 ETB	29 (36.7)	46 (63.3)	1.118 (0.66–1.91)	0.824 (0.41–1.66)	0.588
>5295 ETB	88 (36.1)	156 (63.9)	1	1
Autonomy
Satisfied	29 (21.9)	103 (78.1)	1	1
Unsatisfied	124 (49.2)	128 (50.8)	3.441 (2.13–5.56)	1.751 (0.96–3.19)	0.068
Professional opportunity
Satisfied	97 (37.3)	163 (62.7)	1	1
Unsatisfied	56 (45.2)	68 (54.8)	1.384 (0.89–2.14)	0.918 (0.53–1.58)	0.757
Payments and benefits
Satisfied	30 (19.9)	121 (80.1)	1	1
Unsatisfied	123 (52.8)	110 (47.2)	4.510 (2.80–7.26)	2.113 (1.19–3.77)	0.011*
Performance appraisal
Satisfied	56 (25.1)	167 (74.9)	1	1
Unsatisfied	97 (60.2)	64 (39.8)	4.520 (2.92–6.99)	3.185 (1.91–5.32)	<0.001*
Working environment
Satisfied	74 (37.6)	140 (62.4)	1	1
Unsatisfied	79 (46.5)	91 (53.5)	1.642 (1.09–2.48)	0.573 (0.13–2.44)	0.452
Recognition and rewards
Satisfied	95 (36.8)	163 (63.2)	1	1
Unsatisfied	59 (46.8)	68 (53.2)	1.463 (0.95–2.26)	0.931 (0.56–1.55)	0.783
Training opportunities
Satisfied	75 (34.1)	145 (65.9)	1	1
Unsatisfied	78 (47.6)	86 (52.4)	1.753 (1.16–2.65)	2.385 (0.55–10.34)	0.245
Continuance commitment
High	49 (25.1)	146 (74.9)	1	1
Low	104 (55.0)	85 (45.0)	3.646 (2.37–5.62)	1.899 (1.13–3.18)	0.015*
Continue education by one’s expense
Yes	109 (47.2)	122 (52.8)	2.213 (1.43–3.42)	1.477 (0.88–2.47)	0.138
No	44 (28.8)	109 (71.2)	1	1

Note: *p-value <0.05 and significantly associated variables.

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