The Correlation Between Caregivers Burden and Quality of Life Among Family Caregivers of Stroke Survivors: The Mediating Role of Resilience

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of FCs (n=134)

Characteristics	Mean	SD
Age	50.4	±13.3
	N	Frequency (%)
Gender
Female	82	61.2%
Male	52	38.8%
Marital Status
Unmarried	10	7.5%
Married	124	92.5%
Education Level
Basic Education	74	55.2%
High School and University	60	44.8%
Income
No Income	38	28.4%
Lower than Regional Minimum Wage	34	25.4%
Higher Than Regional Minimum Wage	62	48.3%
Employment
Unemployed	39	29.1%
Employed	95	70.9%
Relation to Stroke Survivor
Wife	52	38.8%
Husband	36	26.9%
Daughter/Son	40	29.9%
Parent(s)	1	0.7%
Other (Brother or Sister)	5	3.7%
Duration of Care
< 12 months	61	45.5%
≥ 12 months	73	54.5%
Type of Family
Nuclear	76	56.7%
Extended	46	34.3%
Dyad	11	8.2%
Commuter	1	0.7%

Table 2 FCs Burden, Resilience, and Quality of Life

	Mean	SD	Min-Max
CB scale Domain and Total Score
General	16.5448	5.16730	8–28
Isolation	4.1493	1.58711	3–9
Disappointment	9.5448	3.31008	5–18
Emotion	4.1866	1.28126	3–9
Environment	6.1866	2.21807	3–12
Total	40.6119	11.89548	23–73
CD-RISC domain and total score
Personal competence, high standards, and tenacity	12.3507	1.72665	8–16
Trust in one’s instincts, tolerance of negative affect, and strengthening effects of stress	17.6716	2.21334	12–24
Positive acceptance of change and secure relationships	18.5970	2.53137	11–24
Control	14.4030	2.05605	9–20
Spiritual influences	13.7164	1.42276	9–16
Total	76.7388	7.99147	51–93
WHOQOL-BREF domain and total score
Physical Health	22.9478	2.41648	15–29
Psychological Health	21.9179	1.47688	17–27
Social relationships	11.3582	1.13325	6–15
Environment	28.4925	4.07403	17–38
Total	92.4403	6.74622	64–113

Table 3 Correlation of CB Scale, CD-RISC, and WHOQOL-BREF

	CB scale						WHOQOL-BREF Score
	General	Isolation	Disappointment	Emotion	Environment	Total	Physical Health	Psychological Health	Social Relationship	Environment	Total
CD-RISC Score
Personal competence	−0.302^a	−0.247^b	− 0.305^a	−0.122	−0.303^a	−0.327^a	0.052	0.074	0.052	0.348^a	0.261^a
Trust in one’s instincts, tolerance of negative affect, and strengthening effects of stress	−0.059	−0.053	−0.181^b	−0.120	−0.052	−0.124	−0.076	0.116	−0.129	0.161	0.085
Positive acceptance of change and secure relationships	−0.364^a	−0.316^a	−0.392^a	−0.172^b	−0.379^a	0.389^a	−0.042	0.067	−0.059	0.340^a	0.204^b
Control	−0.350^a	−0.344^a	−0.377^a	−0.217^b	−0.323^a	−0.401^a	0.031	0.102	0.000	0.383^a	0.266^b
Spiritual influences	−0.133	0.092	−0.235	−0.203	−0.262^b	−0.189	−0.072	0.004	−0.094	0.243^b	0.093
Total	−0.319^a	−0.280^b	−0.392^a	−0.184^b	−0.343^a	−0.378^a	−0.030	0.122	−0.052	0.376^a	0.246^b
CB Scale
General							−0.125	−0.049	−0.403^a	−0.519^a	−0.539^a
Isolation							−0.076	−0.001	−0.352^a	−0.599^a	−0.480^a
Disappointment							−0.050	−0.118	−0.395^a	−0.638^a	−0.530^a
Emotion							−0.082	−0.044	−0.057	−0.271^b	−0.196^b
Environment							0.002	−0.050	−0.353^a	−0.706^a	−0.532^a
Total							−0.085	−0.059	−0.401^a	−0.687^a	−0.566^a

Notes: Bold fonts are used for highlighting correlation coefficients with statistical significance. ^aSignificant at. 01. ^bSignificant at. 05.

Abbreviations: CD-RISC, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organization Quality of Life; CB Scale, Caregiver Burden Scale.

Figure 1 The Model of Mediating Effect of Resilience on the Correlation between Burden and QoL among FCs of Stroke Survivors.

Table 4 Estimate Regression Weights

Correlation of Variable		b	R^2	SE	t	p	CI 95%		Effect Size (f^2)
Burden	Resilience	−0.279	0.172	0.053	−5.257	0.000	−0.383	−0.175	0.208
Resilience	QoL	0.152	0.347	0.065	2.345	0.019	0.025	0.279	0.041
Burden	QoL	−0.279		0.044	−6.381	0.000	−0.365	−0.193	0.306

Table 5 Direct Effect, Indirect Effect, Total Effect, and Non-Causal Effect on Resilience, Burden, and QoL Among FCs Stroke Survivors

	Direct Effect	Indirect Effect	Total Effect	r	Non-Causal Effect
Burden → Resilience	−0.279	0	−0.279	0.589	0.868
Burden → Quality	−0.279	−0.042	−0.321	0.415	0.736