Non-Constructive Ruminations, Insomnia and Nightmares: Trio of Vulnerabilities to Suicide Risk

Figures & data

Table 1 Presentation of Socio-Demographic Data for the Full Sample (n=429)

	Total Sample (n=429) Means ± SD
Age (years)	41.4±11.3
Genders (H/F)	70/359 (16.32%/82.68%)
Status marital
Single	115 (26.81%)
Cohabitation	168 (39.16%)
Married	142 (31.10%)
Other	4 (0.93%)
Level education (% ≥ Bachelor’s degree)	251 (58.50%)
Professional activity (yes/no)	351/73 (81.81%/18.18%)

Table 2 Comparison of Clinical Variables Between Genders

	Female (n=359) Means and SD	Male (n=70) Means and SD	F-value	p-value	Eta^2
NDQ	12.4±11.0	9.07±7.50	F= 8.48	0.004	0.020
Nightmare’s frequency	2.58±1.65	2.13±1.50	F= 4.55	0.034	0.011
BDI	7.40±5.53	5.13±5.49	F=9.90	0.002	0.023
BAI	12.7±9.72	9.69±9.71	F=5.58	0.019	0.013
SCI	17.1±7.22	20.3±8.45	F=11.1	<0.001	0.004
Mini-CERTS	18±4.52	17.2±4.48	F=12.2	<0.001	0.028
SBQR	5.72±2.93	5.92±3.55	F=0.390	0.531	0.001

Abbreviations: BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; SCI, Sleep Condition Indicator; NDQ, Nightmares Distress Questionnaire; SBQ-R, Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire Revised; Mini-CERTS, Cambridge-Exeter Repetitive Thought Scale.

Table 3 Comparison of Clinical Variables Between Age Groups (Median Age: 41 Years)

	Median Age ≤41 Years (n=214) Means and SD	Median Age >41 Years (n=215) Means and SD	F-value	p-value	Eta^2
NDQ	12.87±8.68	10.88±8.84	F=4.17	0.042	0.010
Nightmare’s frequency	2.59±1.53	2.43±1.72	F=0.843	0.359	0.002
BDI	6.69±5.18	7.38±5.94	F=1.65	0.200	0.004
BAI	12.8±9.60	11.6±9.93	F=1.67	0.197	0.004
SCI	18.0±7.69	17.2±7.33	F=1.32	0.251	0.003
Mini-CERTS	18.8±4.35	178.0±4.50	F=18.3	<0.001	0.041
SBQR	5.65±2.98	5.88±3.09	F=0.635	0.426	0.001

Abbreviations: BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; SCI, Sleep Condition Indicator; NDQ, Nightmares Distress Questionnaire; SBQ-R, Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire Revised; Mini-CERTS, Cambridge-Exeter Repetitive Thought Scale.

Table 4 Comparison of Clinical Variables Between Marital Status (n=425)

	Single (n=115) Means and SD	Cohabitation (n=168) Means and SD	Married (n=142) Means and SD	F-value	p-value	Eta^2
NDQ	11.5±9.25	13.1±9.12	10.6±7.86	F=2.47	0.061	0.017
Nightmare’s frequency	2.44±1.63	2.53±1.54	2.52±1.74	F=0.204	0.893	0.001
BDI	8.78±6.41	6.47±5.16	6.31±5.08	F=5.22	0.002	0.036
BAI	13±10.7	12.1±9.29	11.8±9.71	F=0.619	0.603	0.004
SCI	17.2±7.90	17.9±7.49	17.7±7.24	F=0.178	0.911	0.001
Mini-CERTS	18.1±4.51	18.2±4.47	17.4±4.58	F=1.15	0.327	0.008
SBQR	6.31±3.29	5.85±3.05	5.23±2.75	F=2.78	0.041	0.019

Abbreviations: BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; SCI, Sleep Condition Indicator; NDQ, Nightmares Distress Questionnaire; SBQ-R, Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire Revised; Mini-CERTS, Cambridge-Exeter Repetitive Thought Scale.

Table 5 Correlations Between Clinical Variables

Variables	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.
1. Frequency of nightmares	–	0.43*	0.66*	0.36*	0.38*	−0.36*
2. BAI	0.43*	–	0.49*	0.35*	0.50*	−0.54*
3. NDQ	0.66*	0.49*	–	0.37*	0.43*	−0.36*
4. SBQR	0.36*	0.35*	0.37*	–	0.42*	−0.35*
5. Mini-CERTS	0.38*	0.50*	0.43*	0.42*	–	−0.39*
6. SCI	−0.36*	−0.54*	−0.36*	−0.35*	−0.39*	–

Note: *p<0.05.

Abbreviations: BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; SCI Sleep Condition Indicator; NDQ, Nightmares Distress Questionnaire; SBQR, Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire Revised; Mini-CERTS, Cambridge-Exeter Repetitive Thought Scale.

Table 6 Predicting SBQR Total Score from Clinical Variables (Nightmare’s Frequency, NDQ, Mini-CERTS and BAI)

Predictors	Adjusted R^2	Statistics	p-value	VIF	Tolerance	S.E.	95% C.I. Lower/Upper
Nightmare’s frequency		t= 2.87	0.009	1.84	0.545	0.16	0.0390/0.265
NDQ		t= 2.17	0.085	2.00	0.499	0.13	−0.0143/0.222
Mini-CERTS non-constructive ruminations		t= 6.34	<0.001	1.43	0.698	0.30	0.1707/0.371
BAI		t= 1.74	0.082	1.54	0.647	0.092	−0.0117/0.196
Model	0.231	F= 33.00	<0.001	–	–	–	–

Abbreviations: R², R carré; F, Fisher; t, t de student; S.E., standardized estimate; C.I., confidence interval; NDQ, Nightmares Distress Questionnaire; Mini-CERTS, Cambridge-Exeter Repetitive Thought; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory.

Figure 1 Mediation effect of non-constructive ruminations, frequency of nightmares, nightmares distress and insomnia.

Notes: C = direct effect; C’= total effect;

= mediation effect of the variable confirmed by Sobel test.

= trend of the variable as a mediator;

= moderation effect of the variable.

Abbreviations: BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; SCI, Sleep Condition Indicator; NDQ, Nightmares Distress Questionnaire; SBQ-R, Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire Revised.