Comorbidities of sleep disorders in childhood and adolescence: focus on migraine

Figures & data

Table 1 Prevalence of parasomnias and sleep-breathing disorders (frequency more than once a week) (Bruni et al, 1997)¹⁸

	Controls	Migraine	Tensiontype	Significant differences vs controls†
Parasomnias
Hypnic jerks	5.0%	16.5%**	14.3%**	M and T
Rhythmic movementswhile falling asleep	2.7%	6.1%*	5.0%	M
Hypnagogic hallucinations	1.5%	4.3%*	4.2%*	M and T
Sleepwalking	3.1%	4.3%	4.2%	NS
Sleep talking	14.4%	28.7%*	19.3%	M
Bed-wetting	2.3%	3.7%	3.4%	NS
Bruxism	7.4%	12.2%*	7.6%	M
Sleep terrors	1.3%	3.0%	1.7%	NS
Nightmares	2.5%	8.5%**	6.7%**	M and T
Report of frightening dream	10.6%	18.9%*	12.6%	M
Sleep-breathing disorders
Sleep-breathing difficulties	6.8%	16.5%**	10.1%	M
Sleep apnea	1.0%	6.1%**	3.4%	M
Snoring	14.7%	21.9%*	15.9%	M

Notes:

† No differences were found between M and T;

* P < 0.05;

** P < 0.005.

Abbreviations: M, migraine; T, tension-type headache.

BruniOFabriziPOttavianoSCortesiFGiannottiFGuidettiVPrevalence of sleep disorders in childhood and adolescence with headache: a case-control studyCephalalgia1997174924989209768

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