The Relationship Between Circadian Typology and Dry Eye Symptoms in Chinese College Students

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Population (n=269)

Total	Number	Circadian Typology			χ^2	P
		M-Type	N-Type	E-Type
Total	269	93(34.6%)	137(50.9%)	39(14.5%)
Gender
Female	175(65.1%)	55(59.1%)	95(69.3%)	25(64.1%)	2.56	0.279
Male	94(34.9%)	38(40.9%)	42(30.7%)	14(35.9%)
Dry eye symptom (OSDI)
Normal	143(59.8%)	71(76.3%)	61(44.5%)	11(28.2%)	59.44	0.000
Mild	52(11.9%)	12(12.9%)	33(24.1%)	7(17.9%)
Moderate	34(12.6%)	6(6.5%)	25(18.2%)	3(7.7%)
Severe	40(14.9%)	4(4.3%)	18(13.1%)	18(46.2%)
Sleep quality (PSQI)
Good sleep	126(46.8%)	59(63.4%)	58(42.3%)	9(23.1%)	20.25	0.000
Poor sleep	143(53.2%)	34(36.6%)	79(57.7%)	30(76.9%)
Ever heard of dry eye
Yes	211(78.4%)	71(76.3%)	106(77.4%)	34(87.2%)	2.10	0.351
No	58(21.6%)	22(23.7%)	34(22.6%)	5(12.8%)

Abbreviation: OSDI, ocular surface disease index.

Figure 1 Questionnaire of rMEQ in this study.

Abbreviation: rMEQ, reduced morningness-eveningness questionnaire.

Table 2 Differences in PSQI and OSDI Scores of Different Circadian Typology

Circadian Typology	Number	OSDI Score				PSQI Score
		Mean	SD	F	P	Mean	SD	F	P
M-Type	93	7.92	13.73	22.14	0.000	4.08	3.04	15.21	0.000
N-Type	137	15.49	15.05			5.36	2.72
E-Type	39	27.54	20.90			7.18	3.75
Total	269	14.62	16.79			5.18	3.15

Abbreviations: PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index; OSDI, ocular surface disease index; SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Multivariate Logistic Regression of Potential Predictive Factors of Dry Eye Symptom

Variable	B	SE	Wald χ^2	OR (95%Cl)	P
Gender
Male				–	–
Female	0.346	0.271	1.631	1.41(0.83–2.40)	0.202
Circadian typology
M-Type				–	–
N-Type	1.171	0.306	14.626	3.23(1.77–5.88)	0.000
E-Type	1.944	0.408	22.642	6.99(3.14–15.55)	0.000
PSQI	0.290	0.046	40.517	1.33(1.22–1.46)	0.000
Ever heard of dry eye
No				–	–
Yes	−0.060	0.314	0.036	0.94(0.51–1.75)	0.850

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidential interval; PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index.