Associations of Training and Academic Stress with Sleep in Dual-Career Collegiate Badminton Athletes: A Preliminary Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Subjects’ Basic Characteristics

Characteristics	Mean (SD)		P
	Male (n = 8)	Female (n = 4)
Age (years)	20.50 (1.93)	19.75 (0.96)	0.49
Height (m)	1.80 (0.06)	1.68 (0.06)	0.12
Body mass (kg)	73.88 (21.97)	60.25 (2.36)	0.26
BMI	22.70 (5.34)	21.43 (0.97)	0.66
Training years	10.69 (2.94)	11.75 (1.26)	0.51

Abbreviation: SD, Standard Deviation.

Table 2 Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness Over 6 Months

Month	Bedtime (Time ± min)	Wake-Up Time (Time ± min)	Sleep Duration (Hours ± Hours)	Overall PSQI Score (Mean ± SD)	ESS Score (Mean ± SD)	Overall PSQI Scores ≥ 5 (%)	ESS Score ≥ 10 (%)
March	23:45 (47)	07:37 (66)	6.83 (1.09)	3.08 (2.64)	7.83 (5.04)	33.33	25.00
April	00:02 (53)	07:50 (70)	7.17 (1.60)	4.33 (2.67)	7.92 (6.22)	50.00	33.33
May	23:55 (28)	07:56 (30)	7.29 (0.86)	3.58 (1.68)	6.58 (5.82)	25.00	25.00
June	23:53 (52)	07:54 (56)	7.13 (0.86)	3.83 (1.95)	5.42 (6.52)	33.33	16.67
July	23:55 (50)	08:15 (67)	7.63 (0.68)	3.58 (2.43)	7.50 (4.15)	16.67	25.00
August	23:45 (67)	07:50 (43)	7.46 (0.69)	4.25 (3.02)	7.67 (5.58)	58.33	25.00

Abbreviations: PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SD, Standard Deviation; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Score.

Figure 1 Changes of mean overall PSQI scores and ESS scores in 6 months.

Figure 2 Change trends of academic and training stress in 6 months.

Figure 3 Scatterplot of average weekly training time and PSQI scores for July.