Sleep Patterns During Pre-Competition Training Phase: A Comparison Between Male and Female Collegiate Swimmers

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study flowchart.

Table 1 Sleep Variables and Definitions

Sleep Variables	Definitions
Bedtime (hh:mm)*	Clock time at which a participant went to bed to attempt to sleep.
Wake Time (hh:mm)*	Clock time at which a participant got out of bed and stopped attempting to sleep.
Sleep Onset Latency (SOL, min)*	Total duration between bedtime and sleep onset.
Total Sleep Time (TST, h)	Total duration of sleep obtained during a sleep period.
Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO, min)	Total duration of time spent awake during a sleep period.
Sleep Efficiency (SE, %)	Percentage of time in bed spent sleeping after sleep onset.

Notes: *Adjusted according to sleep diary.

Table 2 Comparison of Objectively Measured Sleep Variables and SDS in Male and Female Swimmers

	Male (CI95%)	Female (CI95%)	p	d
Bedtime (hh: mm)	00:59±0:53 (00:03 to 1:56)	00:49±0:41 (00:17 to 1:21)	0.68	0.22
Wake Time (hh: mm)	7:54±0:18 (7:26 to 8:04)	7:40±0:36 (7:12 to 8:08)	0.76	0.46
Total Sleep Time (h)	5.0±0.4 (4.6 to 5.4)	6.0±0.7 (5.5 to 6.5)	0.006	1.66
Sleep Efficiency (%)	76.7±8.9 (67.4 to 86.0)	87.1±5.2 (83.2 to 91.1)	0.013	1.51
Wake After Sleep Onset (min)	67.6±20.3 (46.3 to 88.9)	48.2±20.7 (32.2 to 64.1)	0.096	0.94
Sleep Onset Latency (min)	14.0 (21.0) (0.3 to 39.7)	8.5 (15.8) (5.6 to 20.7)	0.38	0.47
Sleep Difficulty Score	5.5±1.5 (4.7 to 7.3)	8.0±2.7 (5.1 to 9.7)	0.06	1.08

Figure 2 Total sleep time of male and female collegiate swimmers.

Figure 3 Sleep efficiency of male and female collegiate swimmers.

Figure 4 Wake after sleep onset of collegiate swimmers.

Figure 5 Sleep onset latency of male and female collegiate swimmers.

Table 3 Clinical Sleep Problem Categories Distribution of Male and Female Swimmers

Sleep Difficulty Score*	Male (n=6)	Female (n=9)
None (0–4)	1 (17%)	1 (11%)
Mild (5–7)	5 (83%)	2 (22%)
Moderate (8–10)	0 (0%)	6 (56%)
Severe (11–17)	0 (0%)	1 (11%)

Notes: *Fisher’s exact test p=0.033, V=0.045.

Figure 6 SDS (sleep difficulty score) of male and female collegiate swimmers.

Figure 7 The distribution of male and female collegiate swimmers’ SDS.