The Chinese Clinical Sleep Database: An Innovative Database System Includes Large-Scale Clinical Data of Chinese Population

Figures & data

Figure 1 Workflow for continuous clinical data collection in sleep medicine centers.

Abbreviation: PSG, polysomnography.

Table 1 Montage and Sampling Rate of Diagnostic PSG, PAP Titration, and MSLT

	Diagnostic PSG	PAP Titration	MSLT
EEG	6 channels: F4-M1, C4-M1, O2-M1, F3-M2, C3-M2 and O1-M2; Sampling rate: ≥ 500 Hz.	Same as the Diagnostic PSG; Sampling rate: ≥ 500 Hz.	3 channels: F4-M1 or F3-M2, C4-M1 or C3-M2, O2-M1 or O1-M2; Sampling rate:≥ 500 Hz.
EOG	2 channels: E1-M2 (E1:1 cm below and 1 cm lateral to the left outer canthus), E2-M2 (E2: 1 cm above and 1 cm lateral to the right outer canthus); Sampling rate: ≥ 500 Hz.	Same as the Diagnostic PSG; Sampling rate: ≥500 Hz.	Same as the Diagnostic PSG; Sampling rate: ≥ 500 Hz.
EMG	3 Chin EMG channels, bilateral anterior tibial EMG; Sampling rate: ≥ 500 Hz.	Same as the Diagnostic PSG; Sampling rate: ≥ 500 Hz.	3 Chin EMG channels; Sampling rates:≥ 500 Hz.
ECG	Sampling rate:≥ 500 Hz.	Sampling rate: ≥ 500 Hz.	Sampling rate: ≥ 500 Hz.
Respiratory flow	Nasal pressure transducer and oronasal thermal flow sensor; Sampling rate ≥ 100 Hz.	PAP devices flow; Sampling rate:≥ 100 Hz.	NA
Respiratory effort	Respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP); Sampling rate ≥ 100 Hz.	Same as Diagnostic PSG; Sampling rate: ≥500 Hz.	NA
Oxygen saturation	Pulse oximetry; Sampling rate ≥ 25 Hz.	Same as Diagnostic PSG.	NA
Snoring	Condenser mic; Sampling rate ≥ 500 Hz.	Same as the Diagnostic PSG.	NA
Body position	Gravity-detecting electric sensor; Sampling rate: ≥ 1 Hz.	Same as the Diagnostic PSG.	NA
Infrared video	Camera and infrared light source.	Same as the Diagnostic PSG.	Same as the Diagnostic PSG.

Abbreviations: EEG, electroencephalography; EMG, electromyogram; EOG, electrooculogram; ECG, Electrocardiogram; NA, not applicable; PSG, polysomnography; PAP, positive airway pressure; MSLT, multiple sleep latency test.

Table 2 Parameters Included in the Diagnostic PSG Report

Sleep Stage Lighting on/off time Total sleep time, Total recording time, Time in Bed Sleep onset latency, REM onset latency Time of wake after sleep onset, number of wake stages Sleep efficiency The duration of N1, N2, N3 and REM sleep The percentage of N1, N2, N3 and REM sleep in total sleep time

Arousal events Number and index of arousals during REM, NREM sleep and overnight sleep

Number and index of respiratory event-related arousals during REM, NREM sleep and overnight sleep

Number and index of limb movement arousals during REM, NREM sleep and overnight sleep

Number and index of spontaneous arousal during REM, NREM sleep and overnight sleep

Respiratory events

Average duration, number, and index of obstructive, mixed, and central sleep apnea

Average duration, number, and index of sleep apnea

Average duration, number, and index of hypopnea

Apnea-hypopnea index

Number and index of respiratory effort-related arousal

Respiratory disturbance index

Mean and minimum arterial oxygen saturation of sleep

Number and index of oxygen desaturation of ≥3%

Respiratory events during REM and NREM sleep

Respiratory events parameters during REM sleep

Respiratory events parameters during NREM sleep

Respiratory events in various positions

Respiratory events parameters in the supine position

Respiratory events parameters in the left decubitus position

Respiratory events parameters in the Right decubitus position

Limb movement events

Number and Index of periodic limb movement during overnight sleep

Number and Index of periodic limb movement during REM and NREM sleep

Cardiac events

Average, lowest, and highest heart rate during sleep

Number of bradycardia or tachycardia episodes

Number of narrow or wide complex tachycardia episodes

Number and longest duration of atrial fibrillation episodes

Abbreviations: PSG, polysomnography; REM, rapid eye movement; NREM, non-rapid eye movement.

Figure 2 Storage architecture of the CCSD. MySQL database are designed for the storage of structured data, whereas object storage service is specifically for unstructured data.

Abbreviation: PSG, polysomnography.

Table 3 PSG Recordings in the CCSD

Type of PSG	Number of Recordings	Details of Patients
Diagnostic PSG	1214	983 patients had recordings for one night; 101 had recordings for 2 or more nights
PAP titration sleep study	293	194 patients had a diagnostic PSG recording from the previous night
MSLT	28	All patients had a diagnostic PSG recording from the previous night

Abbreviations: PSG, polysomnography; PAP, positive airway pressure; MSLT, multiple sleep latency test; CCSD, Chinese Clinical Sleep Database.

Table 4 The Types of Sleep Disorders Covered in the CCSD

Diagnosis	Number of Cases	Percentage (%)
Sleep breath disorders	548	47.5
Insomnia	276	25.7
Sleep-related movement disorders	27	1.7
Narcolepsy	16	1.5
Parasomnias	12	1.0
Other sleep disorders	210	15.0
Comorbid sleep disorders	76	6.0
Normal population	18	1.7

Abbreviation: CCSD, Chinese Clinical Sleep Database.