Long-term morphine addiction reduces neurogenesis and memory performance and alters emotional reactivity and anxiety levels in male rats

Figures & data

Figure 1 Working memory performance in control and addicted rats.

Notes: Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *P<0.05.
Abbreviation: SEM, standard error of the mean.

Figure 2 Speed of swimming in spatial task acquisition (n=10).

Notes: Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *P<0.05.
Abbreviation: SEM, standard error of the mean.

Figure 3 (A) Time spent in fourth quadrant in probe trial (n=10). (B) Speed of swimming in fourth quadrant in probe trial (n=10).

Notes: Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *P<0.05.
Abbreviation: SEM, standard error of the mean.

Figure 4 (A) Number of entries to open arms in elevated plus maze (n=10). (B) Time spent in open arms in elevated plus maze (n=10).

Notes: Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
Abbreviation: SEM, standard error of the mean.

Figure 5 Neurogenesis in dentate gyrus of hippocampus (n=6).

Notes: Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *P<0.05.
Abbreviation: SEM, standard error of the mean.

Figure 6 (A) Dentate gyrus of hippocampus of control rats (40×) (B) BrdU-positive cells in dentate gyrus of hippocampus of control rats (400×).

Notes: The above two pictures show dentate gyrus of hippocampus with different magnification under a light microscope. Note that arrows shows BrdU-positive cells in the same region. (A) shows 40X magnification. The enclosed box indicate the region that BrdU positive cells have been counted. (B) shows 400X magnification. BrdU positive cells as newly proliferated cells have been colored brown.