Serum Cleaved Tau Protein and Clinical Outcome in Patients with Minor Head Trauma

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics

Variables		Results
Age, Mean ± SD (range)		31.4 ± 13.94 (16–90)
Gender, N (%)		61 (70.9)
Time to admission, Mean ± SD (range)		2.9 ± 1.6 (1–8)
GCS, n (%)	13	7 (8.2)
	14	18 (20.9)
	15	61 (70.9)
Complications, n (%)	PTA	16 (18.6)
	LOC	26 (30.2)
	Dizziness	3 (3.5)
	Nausea and vomiting	19 (22.1)
	Rinorragia	4 (4.7)
	Confusion	2 (2.3)
	Headache	13 (15.1)
Brain injury, n (%)	Positive	11 (12.8)
	Negative	75 (87.2)
Tau protein, n (%)	Yes	12 (14)
	No	74 (86)

Figure 1 Serum cleaved tau protein in two groups of brain injury.

Table 2 Factors Examined for TBI Cases

Variables		Brain Injury		P-value
		Yes (n=11)	No (n=74)
Gender	Male	7(66.7%)	53(71.6%)	0.48
	Female	4(33.3%)	21(28.4%)
Complications	PTA	1(8.3%)	15(20.3%)	0.11
	LOC	6(50%)	20(27%)
	Dizziness	0	3(4.1%)
	PTA	0	3(4.1%)
	Nausea and vomiting	1(8.3%)	18(24.3%)
	Rinorragia	2(16.6%)	2(2.7%)
	Confusion	1(8.3%)	1(1.4%)
	Headache	1(8.3%)	12(16.2%)
Tau protein	Positive	11(100%)	1(1.2%)	<0.0001
	Negative	0	74(98.8%)

Table 3 Diagnostic Accuracy of the Cleaved Tau Protein Marker in Detecting Traumatic Brain Injury

Diagnostic Accuracy	Percent	95% Confidence Interval
		Upper	Lower
Sensitivity	0.92	0.61	99.70
Specificity	1.00	0.95	1.00
Positive Predictive Value (PPV)	1.00	0.71	1.00
Negative Predictive Value (NPV)	0.98	0.92	0.99

Table 4 Post-Concussion Syndrome Questionnaire (RPCS) After Three Months of Minor Head Trauma

Post-Concussion Syndrome Questionnaire	N	Percent (%)
Headache & PTA	10	44.00
Decreased LOC	17	41.12
Headache & Vertigo	4	32.00
Headache & Vomiting	1	43.00
Decreased LOC & Confusion	2	45.00
Rhinorragia & Nausea	1	27.00
Headache & Nausea	13	44.65
Rhinorragia	1	33.00
Nausea & Vomiting	11	40.55
Nausea & Vomiting & PTA	1	16.00
PTA & Nausea	2	35.50
PTA & Headache & Vertigo	1	13.50
PTA	5	22.50
Decreased LOC & Nausea	1	31.00
Confusion	1	82.50
Headache	3	51.67
Rhinorragia & Raccoon Eyes	1	77.00
Amnesia & Rhinorragia	1	81.00
Decreased LOC & Headache	4	63.50
Confusion & Nausea	1	71.00
Amnesia & Nausea	1	20.00
Amnesia	1	55.50
Rhinorragia	1	79.00
Headache & Agitation	1	53.00
Nausea & Agitation	1	82.50
Total	86	100

Abbreviations: LOC, level of consciousness; PTA, post-traumatic amnesia.