Knowledge, Practice, and Associated Factors of Nurses in Pre-Hospital Emergency Care at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Nurses at the UOGCSH, 2020 (n=378)

Variables	Category	N	%
Age (years)	20–29	191	51.5
	30–39	155	41
	40–49	32	8.5
	Mean/SD of age in years	30.54 (mean)	±4.83 SD
Sex	Male	197	52.1
	Female	181	47.9
Marital status	Single	195	51.6
	Married	162	42.9
	Divorced	21	5.6
Working unit	EICU	33	8.7
	Surgical unit	77	20.4
	Medical unit	128	33.9
	OPD	50	13.2
	Pediatrics unit	90	23.8
Educational level	Diploma	16	4.2
	Baccalaureate degree	337	89.2
	Mater and above	25	6.6
Experience	<5.5 years	212	56.1
	5.5–10.5 years	139	36.8
	≥10.5 years	27	7.1
Current working unit experience	<1.5 years	129	34.1
	≥1.5 years	249	65.9
Ever taking training	Yes	49	12.9
	No	329	87.1

Abbreviations: EICU, emergency and intensive care unit; OPD, outpatient department; SD, standard deviation; UOGCSH, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Table 2 Type of Training Taken About Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Among Nurses Working at the UOGCSH, 2020 (n=378)

Type Training	Frequency
	Yes	No
	N (%)	N (%)
Advanced life support	198 (52.4)	180 (47.6)
Neonatal resuscitation	63 (16.7)	315 83.3)
Mechanical ventilation	27 (7.1)	351 (92.9)
CPR	27 (7.1)	351 (92.9)
EMS	36 (9.5)	542 (90.5)
Disaster medicine	27 (7.1)	351 (92.9)

Abbreviations: CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EMS, emergency medical service; UOGCSH, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Table 3 Knowledge of Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Among Nurses at the UOGCSH, 2020 (n=378)

Questions	Yes	No
	N (%)	N (%)
Do you hear about pre-hospital emergency care during undergraduate?	219 (57.9)	159 (42.1)
Do you take courses/training about pre-hospital emergency care after the completion of your education?	194 (51.3)	184 (48.7)
Do you know about basic life support/advanced life support?	288 (76.2)	90 (23.8)
Do you know how CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is performed?	291 (77.0)	87 (23.0)
Do you know about RTS (Revised Trauma Scale) for the prognosis of injury patients?	185 (48.9)	193 (51.1)
Do you know training related to aspects of pre-hospital emergency nursing care?	159 (42.1)	219 (57.9)
Do you know the recommended methods of transportation of emergency cases according to the distance between the site of trauma and the health-care facility?	211 (55.8)	167 (44.2)
Do you know the components of pre-hospital emergency ambulance carry?	190 (50.3)	187 (49.5)
Do you know how you can independently manage an emergency patient?	228(60.3)	150 (39.7)
Do you know the ways you respond if you get suspected acute Myocardial Infarction?	198 (52.4)	180 (47.6)
The overall level of knowledge
Good	162 (42.9)
Poor	216 (57.1)

Abbreviation: UOGCSH, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Table 4 Practice of Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Among Nurses at the UOGCSH, 2020 (n=378)

Questions	Yes	No
	N (%)	N (%)
Do you give adequate basic life support (BLS) for patients who come to your hospitals/clinics by ambulance?	221 (58.5)	157 (41.5)
Do you provide cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to patients?	289 (76.5)	87 (23.0)
Do you attend lectures/courses/seminars about pre-hospital management/emergency and critical care	203(53.7)	173 (45.8)
Do you confidently deliver A B C D E in the care of the emergency patient?	240 (63.5)	138 (36.5)
Do you use protocols and algorithms for trauma/emergency patient management?	260 (68.8)	118 (31.2)
Do you have basic life support equipment (mucous extractor, Ambu Bag, mouth-to-mouth airway) with you?	260 (68.8)	118 (31.2)
Is your staff sent to emergency medical service (EMS) training camp?	160 (42.3)	218 (57.7)
Is there mismanagement regarding pre-hospital emergency care in your work area	197 (52.1)	181 (47.9)
Is CATS (centralized accident and trauma services) started and effective?	161 (42.6)	217 (57.4)
Do you present on an accident site and participated in managing?	179 (47.4)	199 (52.6)
Prevalence of overall practice
Good	191 (50.5)
Poor	187 (49.5)

Abbreviation: UoGCSH, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Table 5 Factors Associated with Knowledge of Nurses About Pre-Hospital Emergency Care at the UOGCSH, 2020 (n=378)

Variables	Knowledge		COR	AOR
	Good	Poor
	N (%)	N (%)
Sex
Male	119 (31.5)	78 (20.6)	4.89(3.13,7.64)	6.57(3.79,11.36)**
Female	43 (11.4)	138 (36.5)	1	1
Working unit
EICU	26 (6.9)	7 (4.9)	4.44(1.75,11.27)	3.46(1.18,10.16)*
Surgical	23 (6.1)	54 (14.3)	0.51(0.27,0.97)	0.53(0.25,1.13)
Medical	58 (15.3)	70 (18.5)	0.99(0.57,1.70)	1.37(0.72,2.62)
OPD	14 (3.7)	36 (9.5)	0.47(0.22,0.98)	0.33(0.13,0.82)*
Pediatrics unit	42 (11.1)	49 (12.9)	1	1
Educational level
Diploma	4 (1.1)	12 (3.2)	1	1
Baccalaureate degree	142 (37.6)	195 (51.5)	2.17(0.69,6.91)	2.11(0.57,7.78)
Mater and above	16 (4.2)	9 (2.4)	5.33(1.32,21.53)	6.04(1.13,32.16)*
Current working experience
<1year	36 (9.5)	93 (24.6)	1	1
≥1year	129 (33.9)	123 (32.5)	2.82(1.59,4.97)	2.65(1.67,4.18)**
Ever taking training
Yes	27 (7.2)	15 (3.9)	2.68(1.37,5.23)	1.74(1.83,3.66)*
No	135 (35.7)	201 (53.2)	1	1

Notes: *Statistically significant (p-value <0.05), **statistically highly significant (p-value <0.01).

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; EICU, emergency and intensive care unit; OPD, outpatient department; UOGCSH, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Table 6 Factors Associated with the Practice of Nurses About Pre-Hospital Emergency Care at the UOGCSH, 2020 (n=378)

Variables	Practice		COR	AOR
	Good	Poor
	N (%)	N (%)
Sex
Male	110 (29.1)	87 (23.1)	1.71(1.14,2.56)	1.73(1.09,2.73)*
Female	77 (20.3)	104 (27.5)	1	1
Marital status
Single	89 (23.5)	106 (28)	1	1
Married	86 (22.8)	76 (20.1)	1.35(0.88,2.05)	1.64(1.01,2.68)*
Divorced	12 (3.2)	9 (2.4)	1.58(0.64,3.94)	1.44(0.49,4.20)
Educational level
Diploma	5 (1.3)	11 (2.9)	1	1
Baccalaureate degree	165 (43.6)	172 (45.5)	2.11(0.72,6.21)	1.81(0.57,5.69)
Mater and above	17 (4.6)	8 (2.1)	4.67(1.21,18.04)	4.05(0.94,17.47)*
Experience
<5 years	111 (29.4)	101 (26.7)	1	1
5–10 years	55 (14.6)	84 (22.2)	0.59(0.38,1.92)	0.47(0.28,1.78)
≥10 years	21 (3.5)	6 (1.6)	3.18(1.23,8.21)	2.63(1.12,7.35)*
Ever taking training
Yes	41 (10.3)	8 (0.8)	6.42(2.92,14.13)	6.16(2.69,14.10)**
No	146 (39.2)	183 (49.7)	1	1

Notes: *Statistically significant (p-value <0.05), **statistically highly significant (p-value <0.01).

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; UOGCSH, University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.