Exploring Potential Association Between Emergency Department Crowding Status and Patients’ Length of Stay at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Figures & data

Table 1 Median of Length of Stay by Demographic Variables

	Low Crowded Median (IQR)	p-value	High Crowded Median (IQR)	p-value
Age
Less than 15Y	175 (535)		232 (612)	<0.001
15Y – 29Y	195 (602)		216 (642)
30Y – 44Y	220 (628)	<0.001	248 (691)
45Y – 59Y	248 (649)		286 (715)
60Y – 74Y	289 (623)		328 (645)
More than 75Y	298 (542)		344 (539)
Gender
Male	218 (622)	<0.001	262 (681)	<0.001
Female	201 (591)		220 (628)
Nationality
Saudi	211 (609)	<0.001	243 (661)	<0.001
Non-Saudi	209 (597)		237 (638)
Triage
1. Immediate	87 (160)	<0.001	164 (290)	<0.001
2. Highly urgent (10 min.)	377 (734)		378.5 (1020)
3. Urgent (30 min.)	263 (390)		279 (654)
4. Standard (60 min.)	195 (520)		237 (654)
5. Non- urgent (120 min.)	146 (506)		159 (492)

Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.

Table 2 Regression Analysis for Length of Stay in Low-Crowding ED

	B	SE	p-value
(Constant)	316.779	22.096	0.000
Female	−43.659	7.769	0.000
Age categories:
Age 15–29	41.193	10.626	0.000
Age 30–44	48.147	12.211	0.000
Age 45–59	72.959	15.467	0.000
Age 60–74	139.988	21.496	0.000
Age above 75	88.866	36.619	0.015
Saudi	21.291	11.285	0.059
Triage levels:
Triage 1	247.125	515.317	0.632
Triage 2	310.777	137.978	0.024
Triage 3	157.688	17.525	0.000
Triage 4	95.762	9.155	0.000
Chief Complaint:
Abdominal and chest pain	10.863	14.274	0.447
Fever	−44.882	16.400	0.006
Cough and cold	−18.078	15.476	0.243
Trauma and Cutwound	74.284	18.333	0.000

Notes: Reference categories: Gender: male; Age: <15 years; Nationality: non-Saudi; Triage level: triage 5; Chief complaint: patients with pregnancy issue complaints.

Table 3 Regression Analysis for Length of Stay in High-Crowded ED

	B	Std. Error	p-value
(Constant)	400.588	21.598	0.000
Female	−65.708	7.548	0.000
Age categories:
Age 15–29	−78.862	9.844	0.000
Age 30–44	−74.617	11.661	0.000
Age 45–59	−38.590	15.172	0.011
Age 60–74	29.815	21.079	0.157
Age above 75	63.262	38.615	0.101
Saudi	33.604	11.017	0.002
Triage levels:
Triage 1	77.976	515.046	0.880
Triage 2	−4.699	230.653	0.984
Triage 3	127.076	21.801	0.000
Triage 4	92.433	8.275	0.000
Chief Complaint:
Abdominal and chest pain	58.347	15.659	0.000
Fever	−1.730	16.745	0.918
Cough and cold	−8.328	16.321	0.610
Trauma and Cutwound	57.210	19.531	0.003

Notes: Reference categories: Gender: male; Age: <15 years; Nationality: non-Saudi; Triage level: triage 5; Chief complaint: patients with pregnancy issue complaints.