Knowledge, Attitude and Associated Factors Towards Vasectomy Among Married Men in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia, 2021; A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants Arba Minch Town, South Ethiopia 2021 (n=600)

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percent
Age	21–30 year	119	19.8%
	31–40 year	336	56%
	≥41 year	145	24.2%
Religion	Orthodox	314	52.3%
	Protestant	172	28.7%
	Catholic	45	7.5%
	Muslim	57	9.5%
	Others(Adventist, Jehovah witnesses)	12	2%
Ethnicity	Gamo	260	43.3%
	Wolaita	126	21%
	Konso	36	6%
	Amara	94	15.7%
	Gofa	56	9.3%
	Others(Kembata, Silte, Derashe, Hadeya)	28	4.7%
Husband education	No formal education	142	23.7%
	Primary education (grade 1–8)	94	15.7%
	Secondary education(grade 9–12)	148	24.7%
	College/university and above	216	36%
Wife education	No formal education	238	39.7%
	Primary education (grade 1–8)	156	26%
	Secondary education (grade 9–12)	132	22%
	College/university and above	74	12.3%
Husband occupation	Unemployed	7	1.2%
	Government employee	243	40.5%
	Private business	131	21.8%
	Farmer	10	1.7%
	Daily laborer	122	20.3%
	Private sector employee	77	12.8%
	Other (waiter, driver)	10	1.7%
Wife occupation	House wife	254	42.3%
	Government employee	81	13.5%
	Private business	109	18.2%
	Daily laborer	96	16%
	Private sector employee	23	3.8%
	Other (student, waiters, farmer)	37	6.2%
Income	<500 birr	1	0.2%
	500–1000 birr	9	1.5%
	1001–2000 birr	13	2.2%
	2001–3000 birr	73	12.2%
	>3000 birr	504	84%

Table 2 Reproductive Characteristics of the Study Participants Arba Minch Town, South Ethiopia 2021(n=600)

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percent
Having a child or children	Yes	548	91.3%
	No	52	8.7%
Number of children	1–2	306	55.8%
	3–4	180	32.8%
	≥5	62	11.4%
Age of last child	<3 year	461	84.1%
	≥3 year	87	15.9%
Completed Family	Yes	66	11%
	No	534	89%
Future desire number of children	<3 children	225	42.1%
	≥4 children	309	57.9%
Marriage duration	<5 years	226	37.7%
	5–10 years	323	53.8%
	>10 years	51	8.5%
Have more than one wife	Yes	3	0.5%
	No	597	99.5%
Discuss about FP with partner	Yes	126	25.8%
	No	363	74.2%

Figure 1 Current contraceptive methods used by respondents or their wife in Arba Minch town, south Ethiopia 2021.

Figure 2 Respondent who had heard about vasectomy in Arba Minch town, south Ethiopia 2021.

Figure 3 Knowledge of married men among those who heard about vasectomy Arba Minch town, south Ethiopia 2021.

Table 3 Knowledge Question Responses About Vasectomy by Study Participants; Arba Minch Town, South Ethiopia, 2021(n=221)

Knowledge Questions		Frequency	Percent
What type of FP method is vasectomy	Permanent	198	89.6%
	Temporary	23	10.4%
Vasectomy is a contraceptive method by ligating the vas-difference?	Yes	127	57.5%
	No	14	6.3%
	I do not know	80	36.2%
Who can use vasectomy as a FP method?	Any married men of reproductive	19	8.6%
	Married men who complete their family	192	86.9%
	Other	10	4.5%
What type of surgery vasectomy requires?	Minor surgery	29	13.1%
	Major surgery	192	86.9%
When vasectomy is effective?	Immediately after operation	26	11.8%
	Days later operation	24	10.9%
	Two to three months of operation	171	77.4%
A man can ejaculate after vasectomy	Yes	137	62%
	No	33	14.9%
	I do not know	51	23.1%
A man is able to impregnate his partner after vasectomy	Yes	24	10.9%
	No	160	72.4%
	I do not know	37	16.7%
Vasectomy prevent STI	Yes	16	7.2%
	No	122	55.2%
	I do not know	83	37.6%
Sexual function stay normal after vasectomy	Yes	56	25.3%
	No	28	12.7%
	I do not know	137	62%
Vasectomy done in Ethiopia without charge	Yes	30	13.6%
	No	13	5.9%
	I do not know	178	80.5%

Table 4 Attitude Question Responses Towards Vasectomy by Study Participants; Arba Minch Town, South Ethiopia, 2021(n=221)

Attitude Questions	Agree	Neutral	Disagree
Men should not involve on FP	139 (62.9%)	51 (23.1%)	31 (14%)
Permanent sterilization only for female	40 (18.1%)	52(23.5%)	129 (58.4%)
Disapprove vasectomy as a FP	144 (65.2%)	53(24%)	24 (10.9%)
Vasectomy is Unacceptable in my religion	163 (73.8%)	43 (19.5%)	15 (6.8%)
Vasectomy is Unacceptable in my culture	110 (49.8%)	82 (37.1%)	29 (13.1%)
Vasectomy is not effective method of FP	90 (40.7%)	87(39.4%)	44 (19.9%)
Vasectomy is equivalent to castration	63 (28.5%)	119 (53.8%)	39 (17.6%)
Vasectomy makes more promiscuous	73 (33%)	113 (51.1%)	35 (15.8%)
Vasectomy influence self-confidence and masculinity	86 (38.9%)	88 (39.8%)	47 (21.3%)
Vasectomy cause physical weakness and not to do hard work	54 (24.4%)	101 (45.7%)	66 (29.9%)
Vasectomy has negative effect on marriage	55 (24.9%)	131 (59.3%)	35 (15.8%)
Vasectomy negatively affect sexual performance/desire	52 (23.5%)	97 (43.9%)	72 (32.6%)

Figure 4 Attitude towards vasectomy among the study participants those who had heard about vasectomy in Arba Minch town, south Ethiopia 2021.

Table 5 Factors Associated with Knowledge of Married Men About Vasectomy in Arba Minch Town, South Ethiopia 2021 (n=221)

Variables	Category	Knowledge		COR (95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)	P-value
		Good	Poor
Age (in year)	21–30 years	19 (42.2%)	26 (57.8%)	1
	31–40 years	70 (64.2%)	39 (35.8%)	2.456 (1.208–4.993)	2.308 (1.081–4.929)	0.031*
	≥41 years	45 (67.2%)	22 (32.8%)	2.799 (1.282–6.112)	2.671 (1.159–6.156)	0.021*
Education	No formal education	16 (48.5%)	17 (51.5%)	1
	Primary education	18 (38.3%)	29 (61.7%)	0.659 (0.268–1.624)	0.686 (0.274–1.717)	0.421
	Secondary education	24 (53.3%)	21 (46.7%)	1.214 (0.494–2.985)	1.234 (0.492–3.093)	0.654
	College/university education	76 (79.2%)	20 (20.8%)	4.037 (1.740–9.369)	4.047 (1.720–9.521)	0.001*
Completed family size	Yes	10 (45.5%)	12 (54.5%)	0.504 (0.206–1.223)	0.472 (0.179–1.241)	0.128
	No	124 (62.3%)	75 (37.7%)	1

Notes: *Statistically significant (p-value <0.05); 1=constant.

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odd ratio; CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odd ratio.

Table 6 Factors Associated with Attitude Towards Vasectomy Among Married Men in Arba Minch Town, South Ethiopia 2021 (n=221)

Variables	Category	Attitude		COR 95% CI	AOR 95% CI	P- value
		Positive	Negative
Age (in year)	21–30year	14 (31.1%)	31 (68.9%)	1
	31–40year	49 (45%)	60 (55%)	1.808 (0.867–3.773)	1.693 (0.789–3.631)	0.177
	≥41year	44 (65.7%)	23 (34.3%)	4.236 (1.888–9.502)	4.735 (2.015–11.129)	0.000 1*
Age of last children (in year)	<3 year	99 (51.8%)	92 (48.2%)	2.959 (1.255–6.976)	3.868 (1.554–9.632)	0.004*
	≥3 year	8 (26.7%)	22 (73.3%)	1
Marriage duration	<5 years	32 (39.5%)	49 (60.5%)	1
	5–10 years	65 (55.1%)	53 (44.9%)	1.878 (1.057–3.336)	0.956 (0.468–1.953	0.902
	>10 years	10 (45.4%)	12 (45.5%)	1.276 (0.493–3.300)	0.559 (0.179–1.742)	0.316
Discus about FP with wife	Yes	55 (63.2%)	32 (36.8%)	2.710 (1.552–4.732)	2.821 (1.559–5.105)	0.001*
	No	52 (38.8%)	82 (61.2%)	1

Note: *Statistically significant (p-value <0.05); 1= constant.

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odd ratio; CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odd ratio.