Selective enhancement of focused attention by Alpinia galanga in subjects with moderate caffeine consumption

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics (n=59)

Parameters	Mean (SD)
Mean age (years)	22.76 (5.53)
Sex (%)	Female=29 (49)
	Male=30 (51)
BMI (kg/m^2)	21.49 (2.05)
PHQ9	1.76 (1.97)
GAD7	1.44 (1.52)

Abbreviations: BMI, body-mass index; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (scale).

Table 2 Composition of treatments

Ingredients	Placebo (mg/capsule)	E-AG-01 (mg/capsule)	Caffeine (mg/capsule)
E-AG-01	–	300	–
Caffeine (anhydrous)	–	–	200
Microcrystalline cellulose	550	250	350
Fill weight/capsule	550	550	550

Figure 1 Participant flowchart.

Abbreviation: ANT, attention-network test.

Table 3 Error rate

Error/sec	Placebo	E-AG-01	Caffeine+ E-AG-01	Caffeine
Baseline	2.86 (0.46)	4.48 (0.85)	3.05 (0.50)	3.14 (0.51)
1 hour	2.86 (0.34)	2.85 (0.36)	2.81 (0.36)	2.77 (0.31)
3 hours	3.01 (0.39)	3.16 (0.39)	2.78 (0.38)	2.70 (0.34)
5 hours	3.64 (0.47)	3.70 (0.48)	3.25 (0.4)	3.34 (0.42)
Change
1 hour	0 (0.37)	−1.63 (0.84)	−0.24 (0.38)	−0.37 (0.45)
3 hours	0.14 (0.39)	−1.32 (0.79)	−0.26 (0.41)	−0.44 (0.45)
5 hours	0.77 (0.47)	−0.77 (0.83)	0.20 (0.43)	0.19 (0.44)
Intergroup analysis (Student’s t-test)
1 hour	NA	0.085	0.519	0.657
3 hours		0.101	0.331	0.471
5 hours		0.113	0.372	0.373

Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.

Figure 2 Change in error rate.