Laboratory- and field-based testing as predictors of skating performance in competitive-level female ice hockey

Figures & data

Table 1 Participant characteristics (n=23)

Variable	Mean ± SD	Range
Age (years)	18.04±2.14	15.00–25.00
Body mass (kg)	66.11±6.27	56.90–79.70
Body height (cm)	169.45±5.50	158.70–179.50
DXA body fat (%)	25.57±4.73	17.00–34.50
DXA lean body mass (kg)	46.67±4.23	37.11–53.38

Abbreviations: DXA, dual X-ray absorptiometry; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Testing schedule: inter- and intraday testing order

Field-based assessments		On-ice tests	Laboratory-based assessments
Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4
Anthropometrics	1RM squat	Agility cornering s-turn	DXA
20 m sprint	1RM bench press	Cone agility skate	Maximal aerobic power
Squat jump	Isometric leg pull	Transition agility skate	Isokinetic strength
Countermovement jump		MRSS
Bosco 30-second repeated jump test
Standing long jump
Single-leg standing long jump
20 m shuttle run

Notes: Days 1–2 were performed off-ice, day 3 on-ice, and day 4 in laboratory. Days 1–3 were performed during 3 consecutive days, followed by day 4 approximately 1–2 weeks later. At least 5 minutes of recovery was provided between trials to minimize fatigue.

Abbreviations: DXA, dual X-ray absorptiometry; MRSS, modified repeat skate sprint; 1RM, one-repetition maximum.

Table 3 Test data (n=23)

Description	Mean ± SD	Range
Field-based assessments
Isometric leg pull (kg)	111.25±14.28	89.50–139.70
Isometric leg pull (kg/kg body mass)	1.65±0.26	1.20–2.10
Squat – 1RM (kg)	89.79±14.17	60.00–115.00
Squat – 1RM (kg/kg body mass)	1.37±0.19	1.01–1.70
Bench press – 1RM (kg)	47.03±6.70	35.00–60.00
Bench press – 1RM (kg/kg body mass)	0.72±0.09	0.50–0.89
Beep test (km)	1.70±2.67	1.04–2.14
Bosco test fatigue (%)	0.74±0.10	0.58–1.01
Standing long jump (m)	2.03±0.16	1.71–2.39
Standing long jump right (m)	1.71±0.15	1.33–1.98
Squat jump (cm)	26.04±3.82	19.30–33.60
Countermovement jump (cm)	28.02±5.13	16.72–37.80
Sprint 20 m (s)	3.50±0.18	3.21–3.98
Laboratory-based assessments
Biodex quadriceps 90°/s peak torque (N·m)	142.12±21.03	96.80–176.90
Biodex quadriceps 90°/s peak torque/bw (%)	217.02±33.62	151.80–268.00
Biodex quadriceps 90°/s time to peak (MSEK)	416.09±104.48	190.00–590.00
Biodex quadriceps 90°/s total work (J)	802.55±124.95	625.60–1,108.80
Biodex quadriceps 210°/s peak torque (N·m)	106.25±17.08	84.60–148.20
Biodex quadriceps 210°/s peak torque/bw (%)	162.54±28.98	121.80–241.80
Biodex quadriceps 210°/s time to peak (MSEK)	219.13±91.70	110.00–480.00
Biodex quadriceps 210°/s total work (J)	1,022.39±148.88	778.40–1,384.50
Ergo meter cycle test (mL/kg/min)	47.24±6.16	37.90–59.20
Ergo meter cycle test (L/min)	3.11±0.42	2.30–4.00
On-ice performance variables
MRSS total time (s)	62.28±3.81	55.81–72.09
Transition agility average (s)	11.93±0.89	10.73–14.10
Cone agility average (s)	9.47±0.47	8.53–10.55
S-cornering average (s)	9.6±0.28	8.88–10.23

Note: All Biodex measurements represent right-side values.

Abbreviations: min, minutes; MRSS, modified repeat skate sprint; s, seconds; 1RM, one-repetition maximum; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Description of on-ice tests.

Notes: A: Agility cornering s-turn, B: cone agility, C: transition agility, D: modified repeat skate sprint.

Table 4 Field-based predictor variables for all on-ice performance regression models (n=23)

On-ice	Predictor variable(s)	β	t	P
Transition agility	Single-leg standing long jump	−0.769	−5.506	<0.001
Cone agility	Bosco 30-second repeated jump test	−0.528	−2.847	0.010
Agility cornering s-turn	Single-leg standing long jump	−0.615	−4.765	<0.001
	Body mass	−0.433	−3.358	0.003
	Beep test	−0.317	−2.489	0.023
	Bosco test	−0.314	−2.489	0.024
MRSS	Single-leg standing long jump	−0.485	−3.307	<0.001
	Body height	−0.441	−3.017	0.004
	Bench press	−0.305	−2.106	0.049

Note: Alpha level was set at 0.05 to determine statistical significance.

Abbreviation: MRSS, modified repeat skate sprint.

Table 5 Laboratory-based predictor variables for the on-ice performance regression models (n=23)

On-ice	Predictor variable(s)	β	t	P
Transition agility	Biodex Hamstrings 210°/s total work	−0.545	−2.981	0.007
Cone agility	Biodex quadriceps 90°/s peak	−0.418	−2.109	0.049
Agility cornering s-turn	Biodex quadriceps 90°/s peak torque	−0.668	−4.115	<0.001
MRSS	Biodex hamstrings 90°/s peak	−0.594	−3.386	0.003

Note: Alpha level was set at 0.05 to determine statistical significance.

Abbreviations: MRSS, modified repeat skate sprint; s, seconds.