Evaluation of C-Reactive Protein and Associated Factors Among Patients Suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of RA Patients and Control Groups

Characteristics	Category	Cases (n= 73)	Control (n= 40)
Age	20–39	25 (34.4%)	15 (37.5%)
	40–59	38 (52%)	20 (50%)
	60–79	10 (13.6%)	5 (12.5%)
Sex	Male	9 (12.4%)	13 (32.5%)
	Female	64 (87.6%)	27 (67.5%)
Residence area	Urban	65 (89%)	26 (65%)
	Rural	8 (11%)	14 (35%)
Marital status	Single	18 (24.6%)	07 (17.5%)
	Married	40 (54.7%)	32 (80%)
	Divorced	07 (9.5%)	01 (2.5%)
	Death	03 (4.2%)	–
Educational status	Illiterate	19 (26%)	16 (40%)
	Complete primary school	22 (30%)	05 (12.5%)
	Complete secondary school	20 (27%)	12 (30%)
	Complete college or university	12 (17%)	17 (42.5%)
Monthly income (ETB)	Low (< 500)	33 (45%)	9 (12%)
	Middle (500–1000)	23 (31.5%)	12 (16%)
	High (> 1000)	17 (23.5%)	19 (72%)
Smoking	Yes	04	0
	No	69	40
Type of oil	Solid oil	29 (39.7%)	18 (45%)
	Liquid oil	44 (60.3)	22 (55%)
Alcohol	No	65 (89%)	35 (87.5%)
	Occasional	08 (11%)	05 (12.5%)
	Regular	0	0
Physical exercise	Yes	08 (10.9%)	02 (5%)
	No	65 (89.1%)	38 (95%)
Occupation	Housewife	34 (46.5%)	04 (10%)
	Farmer	08 (10.9%)	07 (17.5%)
	Government civil servant	09 (12.3%)	18 (45%)
	Private worker	11 (16.3%)	12 (30%)

Note: Descriptive analysis was utilized to compare socio-demographic factors among groups.

Abbreviation: ETB, Ethiopian birr.

Table 2 Comparison of hsCRP and Associated Factors Among Case and Control Group

Characteristics	Case (n=73)	Controls (n=40)	95% CI of the Difference	P-value
BMI	23.25 ± 3.67	23.87 ± 3.77	− 2.07–0.85	0.46
hsCRP	10.54 ± 17.26	3.54 ± 7.60	2.33–11.65	0.004*
RF	4.24 ± 0.43	0/0	-	-
Physical exercise	0.89 ± 0.31	0.95 ± 0.22	− 0.16–0.41	0.243
Smoking habit	1.94 ± 0.22	2.00 ± 0.00	− 0.10–0.001	0.45
Oil consumption	1.39 ± 0.49	1.57 ± 0.50	− 0.37–0.17	0.073
Occupation	2.93 ± 1.25	3.85 ± 1.05	−1.35–0.47	0.00*
Monthly income	1.78 ± 0.80	2.25 ± 0.80	− 0.78–0.15	0.004*

Notes: The Mean ± SD values are estimated using independent t-test analysis. *Indicates the significant association as P-value ˂ 0.05.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; RF, rheumatoid factor.

Table 3 Multivariable Logistic Regression of Associated Demographic Factors with High Disease Activity

Variables	Category	High Disease Activity (> 3mg/l hsCRP)
		AOR	P-value
Sex	Male	1
	Female	0.64 (0.14–2.79)	0.55
BMI	< 25	1
	25.9–29.9	1.19 (0.39–3.57)	0.75
	>29.9	0.75 (0.99–5.81)	0.79
RF	Non-reactive	1
	Reactive	0.6 (0.19–1.82)	0.36
Residence	Rural	1
	Urban	0.41 (0.78–2.20)	0.30
Education	Higher education	1
	Illiterate	1.22 (0.27–5.37)	0.78
	Primary school	1.03 (0.24–4.30)	0.19
	Secondary School	0.71 (0.16–3.02)	0.64
Exercise	No	1
	Yes	0.71 (0.16–3.09)	0.64
Alcohol	Never drinks	1
	Some times	6.00 (0.69–51.57)	0.10
Smoking	No	1
	Yes	20.03	0.40
Oil type	Liquid oil	1
	Solid oil	1.48 (0.57–3.82)	0.41
Occupation	Private worker	1
	Industry worker	1.50 (0.11–19.43)	0.75
	Housewife	0.42 (0.10–1.66)	0.21
	Farmer	1.50 (0.20–11.08)	0.69
	Government civil servant	0.90 (0.17–4.56)	0.89
Monthly income	High income	1
	Low	12.79 (2.98–48.81)	0.00*
	Middle	3.54 (0.88–14.19)	0.07

Note: *Indicates the significant association as P-value ˂ 0.05.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; RF, rheumatoid factor).

Figure 1 Comparison of disease activity status among occupational types.

Figure 2 Comparison of disease activity of study participants with income status.