Incidence and Prevalence of Septic Arthritis in Thailand: A Database from the Ministry of Public Health

Figures & data

Table 1 Data from Septic Arthritis Cases Between 2017 and 2020 (n=72,005)

Variable	Year
	2017^a	2018^b	2019^b	2020^b
	n = 26,878	n = 14,777	n = 15,256	n = 15,094
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Total Population	65,204,797	65,406,320	65,557,054	65,421,139
Age (years)
≤ 29	3,044 (11.3)	1,625 (11.0)	1,635 (10.7)	1,374 (9.1)
30 to 39	2,282 (8.5)	1,249 (8.5)	1,339 (8.8)	1,309 (8.7)
40 to 49	4,154 (15.5)	2,502 (16.9)	2,291 (15.0)	2,391 (15.8)
50 to 59	5,916 (22.0)	3,386 (22.9)	3,362 (22.0)	3,356 (22.2)
60 to 69	5,442 (20.3)	2,891 (19.6)	3,243 (21.3)	3,271 (21.7)
≥ 70	6,040 (22.5)	3,124 (21.1)	3,386 (22.2)	3,393 (22.5)
Mean±SD	54.9 ± 19.2	54.7 ± 18.5	55.3 ± 18.8	55.8 ± 18.2
Sex
Male	12,844 (47.8)	6,899 (46.7)	7,312 (47.8)	7,183 (47.6)
Female	14,034 (52.2)	7,878 (53.3)	7,944 (52.1)	7,911 (52.4)
Region
Northern	3,217 (12.0)	1,332 (9.0)	1,441 (9.5)	1,409 (9.3)
Central	6,578 (24.5)	3,255 (22.0)	4,018 (26.3)	3,837 (25.4)
Northeastern	11,186 (41.6)	7,246 (49.0)	6,580 (43.1)	7,116 (47.1)
Eastern	1,386 (5.2)	694 (4.7)	677 (4.4)	752 (5.0)
Western	1,978 (7.4)	923 (6.3)	991 (6.5)	834 (5.5)
Southern	2,533 (9.4)	1,327 (9.0)	1,549 (10.2)	1,146 (7.6)

Notes: ^aPrevalence cases. ^bIncidence cases.

Table 2 Prevalence and Incidence of Septic Arthritis per 100,000 Person-Years with 95% CI in Thailand from 2017 to 2020

Variable	Year
	2017		2018		2019		2020
	N	Prevalence (95% CI)	N	Incidence (95% CI)	N	Incidence (95% CI)	N	Incidence (95% CI)
Total	65,204,797	41.2 (40.7–41.7)	65,406,320	22.6 (22.2–23.0)	65,557,054	23.3 (22.9–23.6)	65,421,139	23.1 (22.7–23.4)
Age (years)*
≤ 29	24,924,019	12.2 (11.8–12.7)	24,667,116	6.6 (6.3–6.9)	24,356,422	6.7 (6.4–7.1)	23,979,631	5.7 (5.4–6.0)
30 to 39	9,804,544	23.3 (22.3–24.3)	9,667,494	12.9 (12.2–13.7)	9,517,260	14.1 (13.3–14.8)	9,408,601	13.9 (13.7–14.7)
40 to 49	10,473,467	39.7 (38.5–40.9)	10,374,192	24.1 (23.2–25.1)	10,342,715	22.2 (21.3–23.1)	10,293,850	23.2 (22.3–24.2)
50 to 59	9,200,113	64.3 (62.7–66.0)	9,441,220	35.9 (34.7–37.1)	9,576,697	35.1 (33.9–36.3)	9,692,194	34.6 (33.5–35.8)
60 to 69	5,830,611	93.3 (90.9–95.9)	6,068,469	47.6 (45.9–49.4)	6,313,454	51.4 (49.6–53.2)	6,579,893	49.7 (48.0–51.5)
≥ 70	4,394,711	137.4 (134–141.0)	4,598,334	67.9 (35.6–70.4)	4,822,605	70.2 (67.9–72.6)	5,053,295	67.1 (64.9–69.4)
Gender
Male	31,966,108	40.2 (39.5–40.9)	32,043,770	21.5 (21.0–22.0)	32,094,943	22.8 (22.3–23.3)	31,992,542	22.5 (21.9–23.0)
Female	33,238,689	42.2 (41.5–42.9)	33,362,550	23.6 (23.1–24.1)	33,462,111	23.7 (23.2–24.3)	33,428,597	23.7 (23.2–24.2)
Region
Northern	11,670,987	27.6 (26.6–28.5)	11,677,636	11.4 (10.8–12.0)	11,671,188	12.4 (11.7–13.0)	11,607,754	12.1 (11.5–12.8)
Central	17,373,692	37.9 (37.0–38.8)	17,427,846	18.7 (18.0–19.3)	17,474,244	23.0 (22.3–23.7)	17,442,982	22.0 (21.3–22.7)
Northeastern	21,925,925	51.0 (50.1–52.0)	21,958,131	33.0 (32.2–33.8)	21,967,951	30.0 (29.2–30.7)	21,882,786	35.5 (31.8–33.3)
Eastern	4,919,656	28.2 (26.7–29.7)	4,976,443	14.0 (12.9–15.0)	5,033,484	13.5 (12.5–14.5)	5,071,123	14.8 (13.8–15.9)
Western	5,565,256	35.5 (34.0–37.1)	5,588,577	16.5 (15.5–17.6)	5,607,281	17.7 (16.6–18.8)	5,606,153	14.9 (13.9–15.9)
Southern	3,749,281	67.6 (65.0–70.2)	3,777,687	35.1 (33.3–37.1)	3,802,906	40.7 (38.7–42.8)	3,810,341	30.0 (28.4–31.9)

Notes: *Around 0.9% of the population was excluded from the analysis because no definite age was defined in the National Statistical Office of Thailand.

Figure 1 Number of patients with septic arthritis per 100,000 by hospital-based visit. (QGIS software version 3.8.2: an open source and free software of geographic data system information was used for generating the maps; https://www.qgis.org/en/site/). (A) Number of septic arthritis in 2017 (prevalence cases). (B) Number of new cases of septic arthritis in 2018 (incidence cases). (C) Number of new cases of septic arthritis in 2019 (incidence cases). (D) Number of new cases of septic arthritis in 2020 (incidence cases).

Abbreviation: Min; minimum.

Table 3 Common Causative Organisms and Affected Joints in the 2017

Common Causative Organisms	Affected Joints	n = 26,878 n (%)
Staphylococcus species	Shoulder	882 (3.28)
	Elbow	499 (1.86)
	Wrist	357 (1.33)
	Hand	556 (2.07)
	Hip	299 (1.11)
	Knee	3,924 (14.60)
	Ankle and foot	1.625 (6.05)
	Unspecified joint	2,320 (8.63)
	Polyarthritis	1,464 (5.44)
Streptococcus pneumoniae	Shoulder	45 (0.17)
	Elbow	19 (0.07)
	Wrist	29 (0.11)
	Hand	37 (0.14)
	Hip	24 (0.09)
	Knee	199 (0.74)
	Ankle and foot	95 (0.35)
	Unspecified joint	113 (0.42)
	Polyarthritis	127 (0.48)
Streptococcal species	Shoulder	22 (0.08)
	Elbow	7 (0.03)
	Wrist	18 (0.07)
	Hand	27 (0.10)
	Hip	16 (0.06)
	Knee	162 (0.60)
	Ankle and foot	105 (0.39)
	Unspecified joint	92 (0.34)
	Polyarthritis	166 (0.61)
Burkholderia pseudomallei	Shoulder	189 (0.70)
	Elbow	69 (0.26)
	Wrist	92 (0.34)
	Hand	314 (1.17)
	Hip	74 (0.28)
	Knee	840 (3.13)
	Ankle and foot	480 (1.79)
	Unspecified joint	631 (2.35)
	Polyarthritis	905 (3.36)

Figure 2 Age group in the top 5 common causes of death in patients with septic arthritis in 2017–2020.