Preoperative Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Adult Elective Surgery Patients in North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the sampling procedure in North Wollo zone hospitals, 2020.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Elective Surgical Patients Scheduled for Surgery in North Wollo Zone Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020

Variables	Categories	Frequency (n=211)
Sex of respondents	Male	127(60.2%)
	Female	84(39.8%)
Age of respondents	15–30	87(41.2%)
	31–45	55(26.1%)
	46–60	27(12.8%)
	>60	42(19.9%)
Religion	Orthodox Christian	153(72.5%)
	Muslim	48(22.7%)
	Protestant	10(4.7%)
Ethnicity	Amhara	182(86.3%)
	Tigray	19(9%)
	Oromo	10(4.7%)
Educational status	Illiterate	41(19.4%)
	Can read and write	43(20.4%)
	Primary school	45(21.3%)
	Secondary school	32(15.2%)
	Higher education	50(23.7%)
Marital status	Married	157(74.4%)
	Unmarried	54 (25.6%)
Occupational status	Government employed	57(27%)
	Daily labor	14(6.6%)
	Housewife	60(28.4%)
	Student	18(8.5%)
	Farmer	52(24.6%)
	Merchant	10(4.7%)
Monthly income (ETB)	500–1000	53(25.1%)
	1001–2000	49(23.2%)
	2001–4000	51(24.2%)
	>4000	58(27.5%)

Abbreviation: ETB, Ethiopian Birr.

Table 2 Preoperative Anxiety Among Surgical Patients in North Wollo Zone, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020 (n=211)

S. No	Questions	Not at All n (%)	Somewhat n (%)	Moderately n (%)	Very Much n (%)
1	Did you feel any hand tremor, sweating of hands, feel fear within 24hr before surgery?	56 (26.5)	37 (17.5)	84 (39.8)	34 (16.1)
2	Did you feel any discomfort in the abdomen within 24hr before surgery?	32 (15.1)	48 (22.7)	86 (40.8)	45 (21.3)
3	Did you feel nausea within 24hr before surgery?	67 (31.7)	81 (38.4)	39 (18.5)	24 (11.4)
4	Did you feel like you cannot clearly understand the procedure that is going to be done?	75 (35.5)	59 (28)	49 (23.2)	28 (13.3)
5	Did you feel afraid within 24hr before surgery?	37 (17.5)	44 (20.9)	96 (45.5)	34 (16.1)
6	Did you have trouble remembering things within 24hr before surgery?	87 (41.2)	55 (26.1)	39 (18.5)	30 (14.2)
7	Did you have any trouble answering questions that you know the answers to within 24hr before surgery?	79 (37.4)	54 (25.6)	44 (20.9)	34 (16.1)
8	Did you have night mares/difficulty sleeping with in 24hr before surgery	69 (32.7)	48 (22.7)	65 (30.8)	29 (13.7)
9	Did you have a problem answering simple questions about yourself within 24hr before surgery?	68 (32.2)	78 (37)	41 (19.4)	24 (11.4)
10	Did you have any trouble deciding on different choices presented to you within 24hs before surgery?	53 (25.1)	74 (35.1)	51 (24.2)	33 (15.6)

Table 3 Possible Causes of Preoperative Anxiety Among Surgical Patients in North Wollo Zone, Northeast, Ethiopia, 2020

Variables	Category	Frequency (n=211)
Fear of Death	Yes	169 (80.1%)
	No	42 (19.9%)
Fear of unexplained origin	Yes	175 (82.9%)
	No	36 (17.7%)
Financial loses	Yes	66 (31.3%)
	No	145 (68.7%)
Family issues	Yes	100 (47.4%)
	No	111 (52.6%)
Postoperative pain	Yes	118 (55.9%)
	No	93 (44.1%)
Dependency	Yes	90 (42.7%)
	No	121 (57.3%)
Disability	Yes	100 (47.4%)
	No	111 (52.6%)
Complications	Yes	144 (68.2%)
	No	67 (31.8%)
Cosmetic issues	Yes	46 (21.8%)
	No	165 (78.2%)
Medical mistakes	Yes	106 (50.2%)
	No	105 (49.8%)
Unable to recovery from anesthesia	Yes	105 (49.8%)
	No	106 (50.2%)
Awareness during surgery	Yes	116 (55%)
	No	95 (45%)

Table 4 Bivariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analyses of Factors Associated with Preoperative Anxiety in Surgical Patients, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020

Variables		Anxiety		Bivariate Logistic Regression	Multivariable Logistic Regression	P-value
		Yes	No	COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Fear of death	Yes	95	74	6.42 (2.69, 15.27)	6.72 (2.56, 17.66)	<0.0001
	No	7	35	1	1
Fear of unexplained origin	Yes	94	81	4.06 (1.753, 9.41)	4.98 (1.91, 12.97)	0.001
	No	8	28	1	1
Financial loss	Yes	35	31	1.31 (0.73, 2.35)
	No	67	78	1
Family issue	Yes	49	51	1.05 (0.61, 1.81)
	No	53	58	1
Post-operative pain	Yes	74	44	3.9 (2.18, 6.97)	4.39 (2.17, 8.88)	<0.001
	No	28	65	1	1
Fear of dependency	Yes	50	40	1.66 (0.96, 2.87)	1.13 (0.53, 2.38)	0.758
	No	52	69	1	1
Fear of disability	Yes	58	42	2.1 (1.21, 3.64)	1.98 (0.93, 4.2)	0.077
	No	44	67	1	1
Fear of complications	Yes	83	61	3.44 (1.84, 6.43)	2.1 (0.99, 4.47)	0.053
	No	19	48	1	1
Cosmetic issues	Yes	25	21	1.36 (0.71, 2.62)
	No	77	88	1
Fear of a medical mistake	Yes	56	50	1.44 (0.83, 2.47)	1.1 (0.55, 2.18)	0.785
	No	46	59	1	1
Unable to recover from anesthesia	Yes	54	51	1.28 (0.74, 2.19)
	No	48	58	1
Awareness during surgery	Yes	65	51	1.99 (1.15, 3.46)	1.19 (0.59, 2.37)	0.622
	No	37	58	1	1